(a) Lead ion battery
(b) Sodium-ion battery
(c) Hydrogen ion battery
(d) Lithium-ion battery
Solution:
Option (d) is the answer.
A lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery is a high-performance battery that employs lithium ions as a key component of its electrochemistry. Lithium atoms in the anode are ionised and separated from their electrons during a discharge cycle. The lithium ions go from the anode via the electrolyte to the cathode, where they recombine with their electrons and become electrically neutral. Between the anode and the cathode, the lithium ions are tiny enough to pass through a micro-permeable separator. Li-ion batteries are capable of having a very high voltage and charge storage per unit mass and unit volume, in part due to lithium’s small size (third only to hydrogen and helium).