(a) Androgens
(b) Estrogens
(c) Insulin and Glucagon
(a) Androgens:
1. The interstitial cells found in the intertubular space produce a set of hormones called androgens, testosterone in particular.
2. It examines the maturation, growth and function of the male sex organs such as the epididymis, vas deferens, urethra, male vesicles, prostate gland etc.
3. This causes the growth of facial and axillary hair, muscles, irritation, low voice etc.
4. In cases of spermatogenesis, these play a critical role in regeneration.
5. They work on the central neural system that influences a man’s sexual behavior.
6. They exert anabolic effects on carbohydrate metabolism and protein.
(b) Estrogen:
1. It causes the growth of the cervix and the growth and development of the female reproductive organs of the fallopian tube, uterus and vagina.
2. It causes an increase in LH and a decrease in FSH.
3. Uterine sensitivity to the hormone – oxytocin is enhanced.
4. The development of mammary gland is assisted.
5. Women’s sexual behavior is regulated.
(f) Insulin
1. Glucose homeostasis is regulated.
2. It works on hepatocytes and adipocytes.
3. The transfer of glucose to the muscles from the blood is caused.
4. Glucose oxidation is produced and triggers glycogenesis, i.e., the conversion of sugar to glycogen causing hyperglycemia.
Glucagon:
1. It is important in maintaining normal blood sugar levels.
2. Actions on hepatocytes cause the conversion of glycogen into glucose.
3. Gluconeogenesis phenomena is caused by, the conversion of non-carbohydrate particles i.e. – proteins and fats into glucose.