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Show that the points (5, 5), (6, 4), (- 2, 4) and (7, 1) all lie on a circle, and find its equation, centre, and radius.

The points (5, 5), (6, 4), (- 2, 4) and (7, 1) all lie on a circle.

circle passes through the points A, B, C.

therefore, the equation of the circle: x2 + y2 + 2ax + 2by + c = 0….. (1)

Substituting A (5, 5) in (1), we get,

\[\begin{array}{*{35}{l}}

{{5}^{2}}~+\text{ }{{5}^{2}}~+\text{ }2a\left( 5 \right)\text{ }+\text{ }2b\left( 5 \right)\text{ }+\text{ }c\text{ }=\text{ }0  \\

25\text{ }+\text{ }25\text{ }+\text{ }10a\text{ }+\text{ }10b\text{ }+\text{ }c\text{ }=\text{ }0  \\

10a\text{ }+\text{ }10b\text{ }+\text{ }c\text{ }+\text{ }50\text{ }=\text{ }0\ldots ..\text{ }\left( 2 \right)  \\

\end{array}\]
Substituting the points B (6, 4) in equation (1), we get,

\[\begin{array}{*{35}{l}}

{{6}^{2}}~+\text{ }{{4}^{2}}~+\text{ }2a\left( 6 \right)\text{ }+\text{ }2b\left( 4 \right)\text{ }+\text{ }c\text{ }=\text{ }0  \\

36\text{ }+\text{ }16\text{ }+\text{ }12a\text{ }+\text{ }8b\text{ }+\text{ }c\text{ }=\text{ }0  \\

12a\text{ }+\text{ }8b\text{ }+\text{ }c\text{ }+\text{ }52\text{ }=\text{ }0\ldots ..\text{ }\left( 3 \right)  \\

\end{array}\]
Substitute the point C (-2, 4) in equation (1), we get,

\[\begin{array}{*{35}{l}}

{{\left( -2 \right)}^{2}}~+\text{ }{{4}^{2}}~+\text{ }2a\left( -2 \right)\text{ }+\text{ }2b\left( 4 \right)\text{ }+\text{ }c\text{ }=\text{ }0  \\

4\text{ }+\text{ }16\text{ }-\text{ }4a\text{ }+\text{ }8b\text{ }+\text{ }c\text{ }=\text{ }0  \\

20\text{ }-\text{ }4a\text{ }+\text{ }8b\text{ }+\text{ }c\text{ }=\text{ }0  \\

4a\text{ }-\text{ }8b\text{ }\text{ }c\text{ }\text{ }20\text{ }=\text{ }0\ldots ..\text{ }\left( 4 \right)  \\

\end{array}\]

Upon simplifying equations (2), (3) and (4) we get,

a = – 2, b = – 1 and c = – 20

Now by substituting the values of a, b, c in equation (1), we get

\[\begin{array}{*{35}{l}}

{{x}^{2}}~+\text{ }{{y}^{2}}~+\text{ }2\left( -\text{ }2 \right)x\text{ }+\text{ }2\left( -\text{ }1 \right)y\text{ }\text{ }20\text{ }=\text{ }0  \\

{{x}^{2}}~+\text{ }{{y}^{2}}~-\text{ }4x\text{ }-\text{ }2y\text{ }\text{ }20\text{ }=\text{ }0\text{ }\ldots ..\text{ }\left( 5 \right)  \\

\end{array}\]
Substituting D (7, 1) in equation (5) we get,

\[\begin{array}{*{35}{l}}

{{7}^{2}}~+\text{ }{{1}^{2}}~-\text{ }4\left( 7 \right)\text{ }-\text{ }2\left( 1 \right)\text{ }-\text{ }20  \\

49\text{ }+\text{ }1\text{ }-\text{ }28\text{ }-\text{ }2\text{ }-\text{ }20  \\

0  \\

\end{array}\]

∴ The points (3, -2), (1, 0), (-1, -2), (1, -4) lie on a circle.

Now let us find the centre and the radius.

We know that for a circle x2 + y2 + 2ax + 2by + c = 0,

Centre = (-a, -b)

Radius = (a2 + b2 – c)

Comparing equation (5) with equation (1), we get

Centre = [-(-4)/2, -(-2)/2)]

= (2, 1)

Radius = (22 + 12 – (-20))

(25)

= 5

∴ The centre and radius of the circle is (2, 1) and 5.