The concepts of Physics form the base for most professional courses and competitive exams for science stream students. Therefore, students must have a clear idea of this subject. Students are advised to go through every topic in the new Maharashtra State Board syllabus 2021. A planned approach is required to prepare for Maharashtra Board class 12th examination.
Distribution of Class 12 Physics Marks According to Question Type
| Type of Questions | Marks | Marks with Options | Percentage % |
| Objectives | 14 Marks | 14 Marks | 20 Percentage |
| Short Answer | 42 Marks | 56 Marks | 60 Percentage |
| Brief Answers | 14 Marks | 28 Marks | 20 Percentage |
| Total | 70 Marks | 98 Marks | 100 Percentage |
Theory Syllabus of MH Board Class 12 Physics
| Sr. No | Units | Mark Without Option | Mark With Option |
| 1 | Circular Motion-Angular displacement, Angular velocity, and angular acceleration, Equation for velocity and energy at different positions, Kinematical equations | 04 Marks | 05 Marks |
| 2 | Gravitation-Newton’s law of gravitation, Kepler’s laws of motion, escape velocity of a satellite, Variation of ‘g’ due to altitude, latitude, depth, and motion, etc | 03 Marks | 05 Marks |
| 3 | Rotational Motion-M.I., K.E. of a rotating body, Rolling motion, Radius of gyration, Torque, Angular momentum | 04 Marks | 06 Marks |
| 4 | Oscillations-S.H.M., Projection of U.C.M. on any diameter, K.E. and P.E. in S.H.M | 05 Marks | 07 Marks |
| 5 | Elasticity-Elastic property, Deformation, Plasticity, Hooke’s law, Poisson’s ratio, stress and strain, Elastic constants and their relation | 03 Marks | 04 Marks |
| 6 | Surface Tension-Surface energy, Surface tension, Effect of impurity and temperature on surface tension, Angle of contact. | 04 Marks | 05 Marks |
| 7 | Wave Motion-Doppler effect in sound, Simple harmonic progressive waves, transverse and longitudinal waves, Superposition of waves | 03 Marks | 04 Marks |
| 8 | Stationary Waves-Vibrations in a finite medium, vibrations of air columns, Stationary waves on a string, Free and Forced vibrations, Resonance | 05 Marks | 07 Marks |
| 9 | Kinetic Theory of Gases and Radiation | 04 Marks | 06 Marks |
| 10 | Wave Theory of light-Huygens’ Principle, Polarisation, Polaroids, Refraction at a plane surface, Plane polarised light, Wavefront and wave normal, Brewster’s law, Doppler effect in light. | 03 Marks | 04 Marks |
| 11 | Interference and Diffraction-Young’s experiment, Analytical treatment of interference bands, Rayleigh’s criterion, interference, and diffraction. etc | 04 Marks | 06 Marks |
| 12 | Electrostatics | 03 Marks | 04 Marks |
| 13 | Current Electricity | 03 Marks | 04 Marks |
| 14 | Magnetic Effects of Electric Current1 | 03 Marks | 04 Marks |
| 15 | Magnetism | 03 Marks | 04 Marks |
| 16 | Electromagnetic Induction-Laws of electromagnetic induction, proof, Self-induction and mutual induction, Eddy currents, etc. | 04 Marks | 06 Marks |
| 17 | Electrons and Photons | 03 Marks | 04 Marks |
| 18 | Atoms, Molecules and Nuclei-Rutherford’s model of atom, Composition, and size of nucleus, Hydrogen spectrum, Bohr’s model, Decay law, Radioactivity, mass-energy relation, etc | 04 Marks | 06 Marks |
| 19 | Semiconductors | 03 Marks | 04 Marks |
| 20 | Communication Systems | 02 Marks | 03 Marks |
Practical Syllabus of MH Board Class 12 Physics
- To determine Young’s modulus of elasticity of the material of a given wire.
- To find the force constant and effective mass of the helical spring by plotting the T2–m graph using oscillations.
- To determine the surface tension of water by capillary rise method.
- To study the relationship between the temperature of a hot body and time by plotting a cooling curve.
- To study the relation between frequency and length of a given wire under constant tension using a sonometer.
- To study the relation between the length of a given wire and tension for constant frequency using a sonometer.
- To find the speed of sound in air at room temperature using a resonance tube.
- To find the resistance of a given wire using a meter bridge and determine its material’s specific resistance.
- To verify the laws of combination (series/ parallel) of resistances using a meter bridge.
- To compare the emf of two given cells using a potentiometer.
- To determine the internal resistance of a given cell using a potentiometer.
- To determine the resistance of a galvanometer using a meter bridge.
- To draw the I-V characteristic curves of a p-n junction diode in forward bias and reverse bias.
- To study the characteristics of a common-emitter NPN or PNP transistor and to find out the values of current and voltage gains.
- To draw the characteristic curve of a Zener diode and to determine its reverse breakdown voltage.
List of Practical Activities
- To study the dissipation of energy of a simple pendulum by plotting a graph between the square of amplitude and time.
- To study the effect of detergent on surface tension by observing capillary rise.
- To study the factors affecting the rate of loss of heat of a liquid.
- To study the effect of load on depression of a suitably clamped meter scale loaded (i) at its end (ii) in the middle.
- To measure the resistance and impedance of an inductor with or without an iron core.
- To study the variation in potential drop with the length of a wire for a steady current.
- To draw the diagram of a given open circuit comprising at least a battery, resistor/ rheostat, key, ammeter, and voltmeter. Mark the components that are not connected in proper order and correct the circuit and the circuit diagram.
- To study the effect of light intensity (by varying distance of the source) on an L.D.R.
- To identify a diode, an LED, a transistor, and 1C, a resistor and a capacitor from a mixed collection of such items.
- Use of multimeter to (i) identify the base of a transistor (ii) distinguish between NPN and PNP type transistors, (iii) see the unidirectional flow of current in case of a diode and an LED (iv) check whether a given electronic component (e.g., diode, transistor or IC) is in working order.
- To observe polarization of light using two polaroids.
- To assemble a household circuit comprising three bulbs, three (on/off) switches, a fuse, and a power source.
Practical Examination Pattern of MH Board Class 12 Physics
Total time allotted for the practicals in 3 hrs. The practical paper is divided into five sections.
- Section A – A long experiment of 10 marks. Time allotted 1 ½ hrs.
- Section B- A short experiment for 5 marks. Total time 45 mins
- Section C- Any one activity for 5 marks. Total time 30 mins
- Section D- VIVA based on experiments/activities performed during the year. (5 marks)
Time allotted 15 mins
- Section E- Certified journal and completed practical notebook published by
Balbharti. (5 marks)
Frequently Asked Questions of MH Board Class 12 Physics
Are the MH Class 11 exams essential to score well in Class 12?
In the year 2021, the performance of class 11 had to be considered, but it usually has no bearing on Class 12 exams. But the concepts learned in Class 11 helps in understanding the matter in Class 12. So Class 11 is also essential.
Is the practical syllabus also reduced?
Only for 2021, the practical syllabus is also reduced by 25%. Though, next year it may not.
How many activities from the list have to be selected for the exam?
A total of 9 activities have to be performed, but that was also reduced for this year only.