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In the triangle ABC with vertices A (2, 3), B (4, –1) and C (1, 2), find the equation and length of altitude from the vertex A.

NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Maths Chapter 10 – Straight Lines image - 42

Leave AD alone the height of triangle ABC from vertex A.

 

In this way, AD is opposite to BC

 

Given:

 

Vertices \[\mathbf{A}\text{ }\left( \mathbf{2},\text{ }\mathbf{3} \right),\text{ }\mathbf{B}\text{ }\left( \mathbf{4},\text{ }\text{ }\mathbf{1} \right)\text{ }\mathbf{and}\text{ }\mathbf{C}\text{ }\left( \mathbf{1},\text{ }\mathbf{2} \right)\]

 

Let slant of line \[\mathbf{BC}\text{ }=\text{ }\mathbf{m1}\]

\[\mathbf{m1}\text{ }=\text{ }\left( -\text{ }\mathbf{1}\text{ }\text{ }\mathbf{2} \right)/\left( \mathbf{4}\text{ }\text{ }\mathbf{1} \right)\]

\[\mathbf{m1}\text{ }=\text{ }-\text{ }\mathbf{1}\]

Leave incline of line AD alone m2

 

ad is opposite to BC

 

\[\mathbf{m1}\text{ }\times \text{ }\mathbf{m2}\text{ }=\text{ }-\text{ }\mathbf{1}\]

\[-\text{ }\mathbf{1}\text{ }\times \text{ }\mathbf{m2}\text{ }=\text{ }-\text{ }\mathbf{1}\]

\[\mathbf{m2}\text{ }=\text{ }\mathbf{1}\]

The condition of the line going through point (2, 3) and having an incline of 1 is

 

\[\mathbf{y}\text{ }\text{ }\mathbf{3}\text{ }=\text{ }\mathbf{1}\text{ }\times \text{ }\left( \mathbf{x}\text{ }\text{ }\mathbf{2} \right)\]

\[\mathbf{y}\text{ }\text{ }\mathbf{3}\text{ }=\text{ }\mathbf{x}\text{ }\text{ }\mathbf{2}\]

\[\mathbf{y}\text{ }\text{ }\mathbf{x}\text{ }=\text{ }\mathbf{1}\]

Condition of the height from vertex \[\mathbf{A}\text{ }=\text{ }\mathbf{y}\text{ }\text{ }\mathbf{x}\text{ }=\text{ }\mathbf{1}\]

Length of AD = Length of the opposite from A (2, 3) to BC

 

Condition of BC is

 

\[\mathbf{y}\text{ }+\text{ }\mathbf{1}\text{ }=\text{ }-\text{ }\mathbf{1}\text{ }\times \text{ }\left( \mathbf{x}\text{ }\text{ }\mathbf{4} \right)\]

\[\mathbf{y}\text{ }+\text{ }\mathbf{1}\text{ }=\text{ }-\text{ }\mathbf{x}\text{ }+\text{ }\mathbf{4}\]

\[\mathbf{x}\text{ }+\text{ }\mathbf{y}\text{ }\text{ }\mathbf{3}\text{ }=\text{ }\mathbf{0}\text{ }\ldots \text{ }\ldots \text{ }\ldots \text{ }\ldots \text{ }\left( \mathbf{1} \right)\]

Opposite distance (d) of a line \[\mathbf{Ax}\text{ }+\text{ }\mathbf{By}\text{ }+\text{ }\mathbf{C}\text{ }=\text{ }\mathbf{0}\] from a point (x1, y1) is given by

Presently look at condition (1) to the overall condition of line i.e., \[\mathbf{Ax}\text{ }+\text{ }\mathbf{By}\text{ }+\text{ }\mathbf{C}\text{ }=\text{ }\mathbf{0}\] , we get

Length of AD =

 

\[\left[ \mathbf{where},\text{ }\mathbf{A}\text{ }=\text{ }\mathbf{1},\text{ }\mathbf{B}\text{ }=\text{ }\mathbf{1}\text{ }\mathbf{and}\text{ }\mathbf{C}\text{ }=\text{ }-\text{ }\mathbf{3} \right]\]

The condition and the length of the elevation from vertex An are \[\mathbf{y}\text{ }\text{ }\mathbf{x}\text{ }=\text{ }\mathbf{1}\] and

 

\[\surd \mathbf{2}\] units separately.