How are the intracellular levels of ions maintained higher than extracellular levels in animal cells?
How are the intracellular levels of ions maintained higher than extracellular levels in animal cells?

Solution:

Animal cells have ATP-powered pumps like the Na+- K+ pump where 3Na+ is sent out in exchange for 2 K+ ions thus increasing the level of K+ ions in the intracellular region. This is how via the pumps, ion concentration is maintained higher intracellularly than in the extracellular region.