Find, in each case, the remainder when: $x^{4}-3 x^{2}+2 x+1$ is divided by $x-1$
Find, in each case, the remainder when: $x^{4}-3 x^{2}+2 x+1$ is divided by $x-1$

We know that when a polynomial f (x) is divided by (x – a), the remaining is f from the remainder theorem (a).

Given, f(x) = x4 – 3x2 + 2x + 1 is divided by x – 1

So, remainder = f(1) = (1)4 – 3(1)2 + 2(1) + 1 = 1 – 3 + 2 + 1 = 1