Proton Ema is the haploid type of stage in the life cycle of bryophyte where in which thread-like chain of cells are formed
Example- In mosses proton ema develops directly from a spore.
ii) Antheridium – The male sex organ that produce male gametes in bryophyte and pteridophytes is called antheridium. Example- fungi and algae have antheridia during their reproductive phases.
iii) Archegonium is the female reproductive organ of bryophytes which is like flask-shaped and produces a single egg.
Which is Observed in pteridiophytes, gymnosperms, bryophytes, they are shown as jacketed and multicellular, possessing a neck and a swollen venter.
iv) Diplontic – Life cycle in which dominant free living phase is diploid type , generating haploid gametes. Example -Sargassum
v) A leaf which bears sporangia is called as sporophyte, which may be microsporum or mega sporophyte. These structures combine to form strobini(cones)
Example Pinus
vi) Icogamy – Sexual reproduction which is takes place through fusion of two gametes that can be flagellated and are similar in size or non-motile but similar in size. Such reproduction is called Icogamy.
Ex ample -Ectocarpus