Solution:
Hypogeal germination
Epicotyl grows first
The only plumule is pushed out of the soil.
The cotyledons remain non-green and non-photosynthetic and remain inside the soil.
Long epicotyl, short hypocotyl.
Epigeal germination
Hypocotyl grows first.
It pushes cotyledons and other parts of the seed out of the soil.
Cotyledons become green and photosynthetic and emerge outside unlike hypogeal germination.
Short epicotyl, long hypocotyl.
Role of Cotyledons and Endosperm in the germination of seeds –
They contain reserved food materials.
When the seed imbibes water, enzymes get activated that hydrolyze reserve food material and make it accessible for the germinating seeds.