(i) red algae and brown algae

(ii) liverworts and moss

(iii) homosporous and heterosporous pteridophyte

(iv) syngamy and triple fusion

Solution:

Following are the differences:

i)

1. Chlorophyll a and d are found in red algae, whereas chlorophyll a and c are found in brown algae.

2. Phycobilins are present in red algae, whereas they are absent in brown algae.

3. If red algae store food in the form of floridian starch, brown algae store it as laminarin.

4. Red algae aren’t flagellated, whereas brown algae are.

ii)

1. The liverworts have no protonema phase, but the moss life cycle starts with the protonema.

2. In liverworts, the plant body is split into a stem-axis if the plant body is dorsoventral.

iii) Homosporous spores have only one kind, but heterosporous spores in various sporangia will have morphologically diverse spores.

iv) Syngamy occurs when a male gamete fuses with an ovum, whereas triple fusion occurs when a male gamete fuses with two polar nuclei.