a. Inspiratory and expiratory reserve volume

b. Vital capacity and total lung capacity

c. Emphysema and occupational respiratory disorder

Solution:

a. Inspiratory reserve volume is the highest volume of air that can be inhaled after normal inspiration takes place.  Expiratory volume is the maximum volume of air that can be exhaled after normal exhalation.

b. Vital capacity is the highest amount of  air volume that can be exhaled after normal inspiration whereas total lung capacity is the volume of air left in the lungs after maximum inspiration occurs.

c. Emphysema is a disorder that causes damage of the alveolar walls. Occupational respiratory disorder is caused due to the proliferation of the fibrous connective tissue of the upper lungs. It occurs because of repeated exposure to certain toxins.