Consider the two idealized systems: i) a parallel plate capacitor with large plates and small separation and ii) a long solenoid of length L >> R, the radius of the cross-section. In i) E is ideally treated as a constant between plates and zero outside. In ii) magnetic field is constant inside the solenoid and zero outside. These idealised assumptions, however, contradict fundamental laws as below: a) case (i) contradicts Gauss’s law for electrostatic fields b) case (ii) contradicts Gauss’s law for magnetic fields c) case (i) agrees withd) case (ii) contradicts