a. Name the region in the kidney where the above structure is present? b. Name the parts labelled 1, 2, 3, and 4. c. Name the stages involved in the formation of urine. d. What is the...
24. Given below is a highly simplified diagram of the human kidney cut open longitudinally. Answer the questions that follow
(a) Define excretion. (b) Name the functional units of the kidneys. (c) Why does the cortex of the kidney show a dotted appearance? (d) Mention two functions of the kidney. (e) Write two differences...
23. The following diagram represents a mammalian kidney tubule (nephron) and its blood supply. .
Parts indicated by the guidelines 1 to 8 are as follows: 1. Afferent arteriole from renal artery; 2. Efferent arteriole 3. Bowman’s capsule, 4. Glomerulus; 5. Proximal convoluted tubule with blood...
22. Given below is the figure of certain organs and associated parts in the human body. Study the same and answer the questions that follow:
(a) Name all the organ-systems shown completely or even partially.(b) Name the parts numbered 1 to 5. (c) Name the structural and functional unit of the part marked ‘1’.(d) Name the two main organic...
21. Look at the figure given below. It is a section of human kidney as seen from the front
(a) Is it a longitudinal section or a cross-section? (b) Name the parts numbered 1-5. (c) Which area/part (give its name and number given on the diagram) which contains the following: (i) Malpighian...
20. What is dialysis? Under what conditions is it carried out .
Solution – dialysis machine means an artificial kidney . From the radial artery the blood is led in the patients arm through the machine . Here the urea and excess salts are removed and the purified...
19. Explain the terms ultrafiltration and selective absorption
Solution - Ultrafiltration : it is a high pressure filtration through a semi permeable membrane in which the colloid particles are kept while the small size solutes and solvent are made to...
18.Define the following terms:(a) Ultrafiltration
(b) Micturition (c) Renal pelvis (d) Urea (e) Osmoregulation Solution – (a) Ultrafiltration : it is a high pressure filtration through a semi permeable membrane in which the colloid particles are...
17. Fill in the blanks in the following passage to make it a meaningful description.
In a nephron, the _______ flows through the ________ under great pressure. The reason for this great pressure is that the ________ (outgoing) _________ is narrower than the __________ (incoming)....
16. Match the items in Column I with those in Column II and write down the matching pairs.
Column I Column II (a) Bowman’s capsule (i) Renal artery (b) Contains more CO2 (ii) Regulates amount of and less urea water excreted (c) Antidiuretic hormone (iii) Renal vein (d) Contains more...
15. Name the main nitrogenous metabolic waste excreted out by mammals including humans.
Solution - urea, creatinine, and uric acid are the main nitrogenous metabolic waste excreted out by mammals including human beings .
14. Differentiate between the following pairs of terms:(a) Bowman’s capsule and malpighian capsule.
(b) Renal cortex and renal medulla (c) Renal pelvis and renal papilla (d) Urea and urine (e) Excretion and secretion Solution – difference : (a) Bowman’s capsule and malpighian capsule....
13. In summer the urine is slightly thicker than in winter. Explain the reason.
Solution – in summers to keep ourselves hydrated we drink a lot of water . Water in take is more but we urinate less number of times . But in winters we drink less and go to urinal more times . In...
12. If you donate one kidney to a needy patient, would it cause any harm to you? Give reason.
Solution – if we donated one kidney to a needy person , then the left one kidney alone is capable to carry out our needs . The donor can live a normal life as before .
11. Why is it necessary to maintain a normal osmatic concentration of the blood?
Solution – kidney removes the waste from the body . Along with this , it also regulates the composition of the blood . This is known as osmoregulation - it implies the regulation of osmotic pressure...
10. What is a uriniferous tubule? How does it function?
Solution – uriniferous tubule are small minute tubules located in the kidney . It comprises of proximal tube , the intermediate tube , the distal tube and the collecting duct . It receives impure...
9. Why is excretion necessary? Name the common excretory substances in our body.
Solution - Excretion plays an important role in maintaining the homeostatic condition of the body .There are numerous substances in our body that need to be removed regularly . if it is not...
8. Write down the functional activity of the following parts:(a) Glomerulus
(b) Henle’s loop (c) Ureter (d) Renal artery (e) Urethra Solution – functional activity : (a) glomerulus – filters plasma to produce glomerular filtrate (b) henle’s loop – reabsorbs water an calcium...
7. In each of the following sets of body parts or substances or processes, pick out the one item which overall includes the remaining four(a) Glomerular filtrate, Bowman’s capsule, ultrafiltration, glomerulus, blood plasma.
(b) Skin, liver, lungs, kidneys, excretion. (c) ADH, water, pituitary, osmoregulation, urine. (d) CO2, bile pigments, water, excretion, urea. Solution – The term common to all is ultrafiltration ....
6. Given below are two sets (a and b) of five terms each. Rewrite the terms in their correct order so as to be in logical sequence.(a) Afferent arteriole, renal vein, capillary network, glomerulus, efferent arteriole
Solution – correct sequencing of the terms are as follows : Afferent arteriole, glomerulus, efferent arteriole, capillary network, renal vein.Renal artery, kidney, ureter, urinary bladder,...
5. Name the following:(a) The organ which produces urea.
(b) The outer region of kidney containing the Bowman’s capsule. (c) The tuft of capillaries inside the Bowman’s capsule. (d) The part of kidney tubules where the term urine is first used for the...
4. In humans, urea is formed in(a) Ureter (b) Liver(c) Spleen (d) kidney
Correct option - ( b ) Explanation – liver is responsible for the formation of urea
3. Which one of the following in real sense is not an excretory activity?(a) Giving out carbon dioxide(b) Passing out faecal matter(c) Sweating(d) Removal of urea
Correct option - ( c ) Explanation – sweating in real sense is not an excretory activity . While passing faecal matter , removing urea and carbon dioxide from the body are all excretory...
2. Maximum amount of water from the glomerular filtrate is reabsorbed in(a) proximal convoluted tubule.(b) descending limb of loop of Henle.(c) ascending limb of loop of Henle.(d) distal convoluted tubule.
Correct option - ( a ) Explanation - proximal convoluted tubule reabsorbs the Maximum amount of water from the glomerular filtrate . Hence correct answer is proximal convoluted tubule
1.Excretion primarily involves(a) removal of all byproducts during catabolism(b) removal of byproducts during anabolism(c) removal of nitrogenous wastes(d) throwing out excess of water
Correct option - ( c ) Explanation – excretion primarily involves removal of nitrogenous waste . It is chemical waste