Solution: Gymnosperms have the following main characteristics: (i) The ovules of Gymnosperms are not contained by the ovary. They are exposed to the environment both before and after fertilisation....
11. Match the following (column I with column II)
Column IColumn II(a) Chlamydomonas(i) Moss(b) Cycas(ii) Pteridophyte(c) Selaginella(iii) Algae(d) Sphagnum(iv) Gymnosperm Solution: Column IColumn II(a) Chlamydomonas(iii) Algae(b) Cycas(iv)...
10. How would you distinguish monocots from dicots?
Solution: MonocotsDicotsHave single cotyledon seedSeeds having two cotyledonsFlowers are trimerousFlowers are tetramerous or pentamerousVenation in leaves is parallel.Have reticulate venations in...
9. Differentiate between the following:-
(i) red algae and brown algae (ii) liverworts and moss (iii) homosporous and heterosporous pteridophyte (iv) syngamy and triple fusion Solution: Following are the differences: i) 1. Chlorophyll a...
8. Explain briefly the following terms with suitable examples:-
(i) protonema (ii) antheridium (iii) archegonium (iv) diplontic (v) sporophyll (vi) isogamy Solution: i) Protonema is the haploid stage of the bryophyte lifecycle, during which a thread-like chain...
7. What is heterospory? Briefly comment on its significance. Give two examples
Solution: Heterosporis refers to the production of two different types of spores in the same plant. Heterospory's significance: (i) In gymnosperms and angiosperms, Heterosporis stimulates seed...
6. Both gymnosperms and angiosperms bear seeds, then why are they classified separately?
Solution: The following are the explanations for the distinction between angiosperms and gymnosperms. (i) The ovules in gymnosperms are naked, but in angiosperms they are encased within the ovary....
5. Write a note on economic importance of algae and gymnosperms.
Solution: Importance of Gymnosperms (i) Gymnosperms are utilised as decorative plants. Some are bonsai trees that can be found in formal gardens. (ii) The fibres from these plants are used to make...
4. Mention the ploidy of the following:
protonemal cell of a moss; primary endosperm nucleus in dicot, leaf cell of a moss; prothallus cell of a fern; gemma cell in Marchantia; meristem cell of monocot, ovum of a liverwort, and zygote of...
3. Name three groups of plants that bear archegonia. Briefly describe the life cycle of any one of them.
Solution: Bryophytes, Pteridophytes, and Gymnosperms are the plants that bear archegonia. The life cycle of Bryophytes (i) Bryophytes produce gametes and are haploid. Bryophytes have multicellular...
2. When and where does reduction division take place in the life cycle of a liverwort, a moss, a fern, a gymnosperm and an angiosperm?
Solution: The reduction division takes place in the following stages: (i) Liverworts – In the sporangium, meiosis occurs in the spore mother cells, culminating in the generation of haploid spores....
1. What is the basis of classification of algae?
Solution: The presence of pigments that give algae its conventional colour is the primary criterion for categorization. Name of the pigmentColor impartedChlorophyll typeChlorophyceaeGreenChlorophyll...