Solution: The technology depicted in the diagram is hydroponics or soilless plant culture.Tomato, Lettuce, Marijuana, Pepper, and Cucumber. b) Tomato, Lettuce, Marijuana, Pepper, and...
Carefully observe the following figure
Hydroponics has been shown to be a successful technique for growing of plants. Yet most of the crops are still grown on land. Why?
Solution: Hydroponics is a growing method in which plants are cultivated in mineral nutrients rather than soil. This requires the addition of minerals on a regular basis, as well as the replacement...
Give the biochemical events occurring in the root nodule of a pulse plant. What is the end product? What is its fate?
Solution: In the presence of the enzyme nitrogenase, free nitrogen in the air is converted to Ammonia or other nitrogenous compounds in the nitrogen fixation process....
Trace the events starting from the coming in contact with Rhizobium to a leguminous root till nodule formation. Add a note on the importance of leghemoglobin.
Solution: Following are the events from the first interaction with Rhizobium through the production of nodules on a leguminous root- Event 1: Follow the events from the first interaction with...
We know that plants require nutrients. If we supply these in excess, will it be beneficial to the plants? If yes, how/ If no, why?
Solution: No, extra nutrients should not be supplied because doing so reduces the dry weight of the tissue by 10% and causes toxicity. It also prevents the absorption of other elements. Manganese,...
With the help of examples describe the classification of essential elements based on the function they perform.
Solution: The classification of essential elements according to their function Components of energy-related chemicals that contain essential elementsMagnesium in chlorophyll and phosphorus in...
What are the essential elements for plants? Give the criteria of essentiality? How are minerals classifieds depending upon the amount in which they are needed by the plants?
Solution: The macro and microelements are the two sorts of vital elements. Calcium, magnesium, and other macro elements, for example, are abundant. Microelements, such as iron and zinc, are present...
We find that Rhizobium forms nodules on the roots of leguminous plants. Also Frankiaanother microbe forms nitrogen-fixing nodules on the roots of non-leguminous plant Alnus.
a. Can we artificially induce the property of nitrogen fixation in a plant – leguminous or non-leguminous?
b. What kind of relationship is observed between mycorrhiza and pine trees?
c. Is it necessary for a microbe to be in close association with a plant to provide mineral nutrition? Explain with the help of one example.
Solution: Rhizobium develops nodules on the roots of leguminous plants, according to our findings. Another bacterium, Frankia, produces nitrogen-fixing nodules on the roots of the non-leguminous...
It is observed that deficiency of a particular element showed its symptoms initially in older leaves and then in younger leaves.
a. Does it indicate that the element is actively mobilized or relatively immobile?
b. Name two highly mobile elements and two which are relatively immobile.
c. How is the aspect of the mobility of elements important to horticulture and agriculture?
Solution: It was discovered that the shortage of a specific element showed its symptoms first in older leaves and later in younger ones. a) If a deficiency of a certain element manifested itself...
A farmer adds/ supplies Na, Ca, Mg and Fe regularly to his field and yet he observes that the plants show a deficiency of Ca, Mg and Fe. Give a valid reason and suggest a way to help the farmer improve the growth of plants.
Solution: A farmer frequently adds/supplies Na, Ca, Mg, and Fe to his field, but the plants still show signs of Ca, Mg, and Fe insufficiency. This is because when the pH is not maintained, the soil...
Carnivorous plants exhibit nutritional adaptation. Citing an example explain this fact.
Solution: Carnivorous plants show nutritional adaptability since their leaves are green, indicating that they are Autotrophic, but they flourish in nitrogen-deficient soil. The leaf of the Pitcher...
How are the terms ‘critical concentration’ and ‘deficient’ different from each other in terms of the concentration of an essential element in plants? How will you find the values of ‘critical concentration’ and ‘deficient’ for minerals – Fe & Zn?
Solution: The critical concentration of essential elements is the concentration of essential elements below which plant growth stops, whereas the critical concentration of essential elements is the...
Name the most crucial enzyme found in root nodules for N2 fixation? Does it require a special pink coloured pigment for its functioning? Elaborate.
Solution: Nitrogenase is an enzyme found in root nodules that transforms free nitrogen in the air to ammonia or other nitrogenous compounds, which is necessary for N2 fixation. Leghaemoglobin, a...
How are organisms like Pseudomonas and Thiobacillus of great significance in the nitrogen cycle?
Solution: During the nitrogen cycle, Pseudomonas and Thiobacillus are engaged in the process of denitrification. The nitrate in the soil is transformed into nitrite.
How is sulphur important for plants? Name the amino acids in which it is present.
Solution: Sulphur is required for the production of chlorophyll and is a key component of a number of coenzymes. It also plays a role in legume modulation. Sulfur can be found in two different amino...
Excess of Mn in the soil leads to a deficiency of Ca, Mg and Fe. Explain.
Solution: Manganese prevents calcium from reaching the root apex, resulting in a deficit. Manganese competes with Magnesium for enzyme binding, resulting in a deficit.
Complete the equation for reductive amination ______?______$+N{{H}_{4}}^{+}+NADPHglutamate+{{H}_{2}}O+NADP$
Solution: Reductive amination is a type of amination reaction in which the carbonyl group is converted to an amine by the production of an imine intermediate.
Rice fields produce important greenhouse gas. Name it.
Solution: Under anaerobic conditions, bacteria present in wet soil create Methane Gas (CH4), a greenhouse gas, which affects the temperature of the earth and helps in maintaining the earth’s...
Name one non-symbiotic nitrogen-fixing prokaryote.
Solution: Azotobacter and Beijernickia, free-living (non-symbiotic) and non-photosynthetic aerobic N2-fixing microorganisms. Rhodospirillum, Bacillus polymyxa, and Clostridium are examples of...
Name the macronutrient which is a component of all organic compounds but is not obtained from the soil.
Solution: Carbon is a macronutrient that is required for all organic compounds, as organic substances are made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Carbon comes from the air, in the form of carbon...
Yellowish edges appear in leaves deficient in __________________ mineral .
Solution: Potassium is an important macronutrient that everyone needs. Potassium shortage symptoms include mottled chlorosis and necrosis, which appears first in older leaves, loss of apical...
Plants with zinc deficiency show reduced biosynthesis of _______________.
Solution: Auxin is a growth hormone produced by the tryptophan-dependent auxin biosynthesis pathway, which uses tryptophan as a precursor. Zinc aids in the production of auxin and protects it from...
What is common to Nepenthes, Utricularia and Drosera with regard to the mode of nutrition?
Solution: Insectivorous or carnivorous plants include Nepenthes, Utricularia, and Drosera. They thrive in low-nitrogen environments and release digestive enzymes to break down their prey (insects)....
What is the function of leghaemoglobin in the root nodule of a legume?
Solution: Leghaemoglobin is a red pigment found in the root nodules of leguminous plants such as soybeans and is necessary for nitrogen fixation. It works as a scavenger of oxygen....
A farmer adds Azotobacter culture to the soil before sowing maize. Which mineral element is being replenished?
Solution: Azotobacter is a nitrogen-fixing bacteria that live in the wild. It promotes soil fertility by fixing atmospheric nitrogen in the soil. Increased yields are achieved when maize plants are...
Name an insectivorous angiosperm.
Solution: These angiosperms are insectivorous, which means they eat insects, and they get most of their nutrition from the insects they catch and eat. These plants thrive in humid environments with...
Name a plant which lacks chlorophyll. How will it obtain nutrition?
Solution: Cuscuta, a parasitic plant that is usually found growing on hedge plants, has evolved without chlorophyll and leaves. It gets its nutrition from the parasitic plant it feeds on. They...
Carnivorous plants like Nepenthes and Venus flytrap have nutritional adaptations. Which nutrient do they especially obtain and from where?
Solution: Carnivorous plants like Nepenthes and Venus flytrap grow in nitrogen-deficient soil which causes them to have a nitrogen deficiency. So, since they grow on nitrogen-deficient soil, they...
Nitrogen fixation is shown by prokaryotes and not by eukaryotes. Comment.
Solution: Only a few living creatures can use nitrogen in the form of N2, which is plentiful in the air. Only a few bacterial species have the ability to fix nitrogen. Nitrogenase, a nitrogen...
Mycorrhiza is a mutualistic association. How do the organisms involved in this association benefit from each other?
Solution: A fungus and the roots of a vascular plant form a symbiotic relationship known as mycorrhiza. The plant absorbs phosphate and other minerals from the soil by mycorrhization, including zinc...
Name a plant, which accumulates silicon.
Solution: Silicon is abundant in the soil, but it is taken up by the flowers in the form of mono-silicic acid. When plants are under stress, silicon appears to help them. It has been shown to boost...
Plants can be grown in (Tick the incorrect option)
a. soil with essential nutrients.
b. water with essential nutrients.
c. either water or soil with essential nutrients.
d. water or soil without essential nutrients
Solution: Plants can be cultivated in soil, water, or both with the addition of vital nutrients. It cannot, however, develop in nutrient-deficient water or soil. So, the correct answer is 'water or...
Match the element with its associated functions/roles and choose the correct option among given below
A. Boroni. splitting of H2O to liberate O2 during photosynthesisB. Manganeseii. needed for the synthesis of auxinsC. Molybdenumiii. component of nitrogenase D. Zinc E. Ironiv. Pollen germination v....
With regard to the Biological Nitrogen Fixation by Rhizobium in association with soybean, which one of the following statement/ statements do not hold.
a. Nitrogenase may require oxygen for its functioning.
b. Nitrogenase is MO- Fe protein
c. Leg-haemoglobin is a pink coloured pigment.
d. Nitrogenase helps to convert N2 gas into two molecules of ammonia.
Solution: Nitrogenase is an enzyme that does not require oxygen to function. All nitrogen-fixing bacteria, on the other hand, have a specific structure called heterocysts that generate an anaerobic...
Which one of the following symptoms is not due to manganese toxicity in plants?
a. Calcium translocation in shoot apex is inhibited
b. Deficiency in both Iron and Nitrogen is induced
c. The appearance of brown spot surrounded by chlorotic veins
d. None of the above
Solution: Due to an induced iron deficit, manganese toxicity commonly causes chlorosis (pale or yellow color), which is most severe on the younger leaves. In crops afflicted by manganese poisoning,...
Deficiency symptoms of an element tend to appear first in young leaves. It indicates that the element is relatively immobile. Which one of the following elemental deficiency would show such symptoms?
a. sulphur
b. magnesium
c. nitrogen
d. potassium
Solution: Symptoms of an element deficiency usually occur first in young leaves. It suggests that sulfur is a relatively stationary element. Option (a) is the answer. So, the correct answer is...
Which one of the following statements can best explain the term critical concentration of an essential element?
a. essential element concentration below which plant growth disregarded.
b. essential element concentration below which plant growth becomes stunted.
c. essential element concentration above which plant remains in the vegetative phase.
d. none of the above
Solution: The phrase "critical concentration" is used to describe the concentration of vital components below which plant growth is slowed or halted. In addition, if the concentrations of vital...
Which one of the following roles is not characteristic of an essential element?
a. is a component of biomolecules
b. changing the chemistry of soil
c. being a structural component of energy-related chemical compounds
d. activation or inhibition of enzymes
Solution: It is easier to change a dirt's fruitfulness, which is a significant property than it is to change the dirt's physical features. The presence of dirt minerals, as well as seepage...
What are the steps involved in the formation of a root nodule?
Solution: The following steps are involved in the formation of nodules: • Rhizobia colonize roots and attach themselves to epidermal and root hair cells. • Bacteria infect the root hair, causing it...
What are the conditions necessary for the fixation of atmospheric nitrogen by Rhizobium? What is their role in N2 -fixation?
Solution: For Rhizobium to fix nitrogen, the following conditions must be met. The production of root nodules requires a symbiotic connection between Rhizobium and roots.The requirement for a...
Which of the following statements are true? If false, correct them:
(a) Boron deficiency leads to stout axis.
(b) Every mineral element that is present in a cell is needed by the cell.
(c) Nitrogen as a nutrient element is highly immobile in the plants.
(d) It is very easy to establish the essentiality of micronutrients because they are required only in trace quantities.
Solution: a) True b) False: Every mineral element found in a cell is not required by the cell. c) False- Nitrogen is a very mobile nutrient in plants. d) False- Since micronutrients are only...
How are the minerals absorbed by the plants?
Solution: The absorption process can be divided into two distinct phases. The first phase involves a passive uptake of ions into the apoplast, which is the cell's "free space" or "outside space."...
Why is it that in certain plants deficiency symptoms appear first in younger parts of the plant while in others they do so in mature organs?
Solution: The emergence of symptoms is determined by the mobility of a missing element. Symptoms develop in juvenile portions of the plant if the deficient element is relatively stationary, while...
If a plant shows a symptom which could develop due to deficiency of more than one nutrient, how would you find out experimentally, the real deficient mineral element?
Solution: Plants that show signs of numerous nutrient deficiencies are grown in distinct water culture settings. Sets 1 through 3 are given three different nutrients and are grown in hydroponics...
Name at least five different deficiency symptoms in plants. Describe them and correlate them with the concerned mineral deficiency.
Solution: Chlorosis is a loss of chlorophyll that causes the leaves to turn yellow. It is brought on by a lack of N, K, Mg, S, Fe, Mn, Zn, and Mo. Necrosis is the death of leaf tissue caused by a...
Explain with examples: macronutrients, micronutrients, beneficial nutrients, toxic elements and essential elements.
Solution: Macronutrients are nutrients found in plant tissues at concentrations of more than 10 mole kg-1 of dry matter. Plant growth necessitates a huge amount of them. Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen,...
Why is purification of water and nutrient salts so important in studies involving mineral nutrition using hydroponics?
Solution: Hydroponics is a way of growing plants without soil in a nutrient solution. Impure water has many contaminants in the form of soluble minerals that are dissolved in it. These contaminants...
‘All elements that are present in a plant need not be essential to its survival’. Comment
Solution: No, only around 17 of the 105 elements taken by plants are required for plant development and survival.