Solution: The oxygen dissociation curve is a graph that shows the percentage of oxyhemoglobin saturation at different partial pressures of oxygen.The partial pressure of oxygen in the lungs is very...
What is the site of gaseous exchange in an insect?
Solution: The trachea is an insect's respiratory organ. Air enters the trachea through spiracles, which are small apertures. Spiracles can be seen on either side of the insect's abdomen. Each...
Explain the process of inspiration under normal conditions.
Solution: Inspiration is the process of allowing fresh air to enter the lungs. Inspiration occurs when the intrapulmonary pressure (pressure in the lungs) is lower than the atmospheric pressure. The...
Diffusion of gases occurs in the alveolar region only and not in the other parts of respiratory system. Why?
Solution: The alveoli present in the lungs are small air sacs that allow the fast exchange of gases. The alveolar membrane has a total thickness of less than a millimeter, and the outside surface of...
What are the major transport mechanisms for CO2? Explain.
Carbon dioxide is transported by plasma and red blood cells. This is due to their high water solubility.(1) Through plasma: 7% of $C{{O}_{2}}$ is transported in a dissolved state by the plasma....
What is Tidal volume? Find out the Tidal volume (approximate value) for a healthy human in an hour.
Solution: The volume of air exhaled or inhaled during typical respiration is referred to as tidal volume (TV). For a healthy person, the tidal volume is roughly 500ml. A healthy person may exhale or...
Distinguish between
(a) IRV and ERV
(b) Inspiratory capacity and Expiratory capacity.
(c) Vital capacity and Total lung capacity.
Solution: The differences between all the following sets are as follows: (a) IRV and ERV IRV (Inspiratory reserve volume)ERV (Expiratory reserve volume)It's the amount of air that a person can...
Have you heard about hypoxia? Try to gather information about it, and discuss with your friends.
Solution: Hypoxia is a situation in which the supply of oxygen to the lungs is insufficient or reduced. Several external factors, such as a decrease in pO2, insufficient oxygen, and so on, induce...
What happens to the respiratory process in a man going up a hill?
Solution: The altitude rises as we go higher. The concentration of atmospheric oxygen is lower at this height, implying that the partial pressure of oxygen decreases. The lack of oxygen in this...
What is the effect of $pC{{O}_{2}}$ on oxygen transport?
Solution: In the oxygen transport mechanism, $pC{{O}_{2}}$ plays a critical function. Oxyhaemoglobin is formed when low $pC{{O}_{2}}$ levels in the alveoli cause oxygen to bind to hemoglobin and...
How is respiration regulated?
Solution: The respiratory rhythm center in the medulla area of the brain is in charge of controlling the breathing process. The pneumatic center can change the function of the respiratory rhythm...
What will be the pO2 and pCO2 in the atmospheric air compared to those in the alveolar air?
(i) pO2 lesser, pCO2 higher
(ii) pO2 higher, pCO2 lesser
(iii) pO2 higher, pCO2 higher
(iv) pO2 lesser, pCO2 lesser
Solution: When comparing the pO2 and pCO2 in atmospheric air to those in alveolar air, (ii) pO2 will be higher and pCO2 will be lower. Each gas in a combination exerts a pressure known as partial...
State the volume of air remaining in the lungs after a normal breathing.
Solution: The functional residual capacity can be used to express it (FRC). The volume of air that remains in the lungs following a normal expiration is referred to as the FRC. The expiratory...
Define vital capacity. What is its significance?
Solution: The maximum volume of air a person can breathe in after a forced expiration is known as vital capacity. It is equal to the sum of inspiratory reserve volume (IRV), tidal volume (TV), and...