Organic Chemistry – Some Basic Principles & Techniques

Explain the terms inductive and electromeric effects. Which electron displacement effect explain the following correct orders of acidity of the carboxylic acids? (a) Cl3CCOOH > Cl2CHCOOH > ClCH2 COOH (b) CH3CH2COOH > (CH3)2 CHCOOH > (CH3)3CCOOH

Solution: Inductive Effect: The inductive impact alludes to the extremity delivered in a particle because of higher electronegativity of one molecule contrasted with another.Atoms or gatherings...

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For the following bond cleavage, use curved-arrows to show the electron flow and classify as homolysis or heterolysis. Identify reactive intermediate produced as free radical, carbocation and carbanion.

Solution: The bond cleavage can be displayed as: It goes under heterolytic cleavage since the common remaining parts with one of the sections. A carbocation is framed as the response middle.

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For the following bond cleavage, use curved-arrows to show the electron flow and classify as homolysis or heterolysis. Identify reactive intermediate produced as free radical, carbocation and carbanion.

Solution: The bond cleavage can be displayed as: It goes under heterolytic cleavage since the common remaining parts with the bromine particle. A carbocation is framed as the response...

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For the following bond cleavage, use curved-arrows to show the electron flow and classify as homolysis or heterolysis. Identify reactive intermediate produced as free radical, carbocation and carbanion.

Solution: The bond cleavage can be displayed as: It goes under heterolytic cleavage since the common remaining parts with the carbon molecule of propanone. A carbanion is framed as the response...

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For the following bond cleavage, use curved-arrows to show the electron flow and classify as homolysis or heterolysis. Identify reactive intermediate produced as free radical, carbocation and carbanion.

Solution: The bond cleavage can be displayed as: It goes under homolytic cleavage since one of the common pair in a covalent bond goes with the reinforced molecule. A free revolutionary is framed as...

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What is the relationship between the members of following pairs of structures? Are they structural or geometrical isomers or resonance contributors? following pairs of structures? Are they structural or geometrical isomers or resonance contributors?

Solution: The given mixtures are a pair of primary isomers since they have a similar molecular formula yet have various structures. These mixtures vary in the situation of the ketone bunch. For the...

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By mistake, an alcohol (boiling point 97°C) was mixed with a hydrocarbon (boiling point 68°C). Suggest a suitable method to separate the two compounds. Explain the reason for your choice.

Steam distillation can be used to separate the mixture. The boiling points of alcohol and hydrocarbon are almost same. Steam distillation is used to purify temperature-sensitive materials in...

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Three students, Manish, Ramesh and Rajni were determining the extra elements present in an organic compound given by their teacher. They prepared the Lassaigne’s extract (L.E.) independently by the fusion of the compound with sodium metal. Then they added solid FeSO4 and dilute sulphuric acid to a part of Lassaigne’s extract. Manish and Rajni obtained Prussian blue colour but Ramesh got a red colour. Ramesh repeated the test with the same Lassaigne’s extract but again got red colour only. They were surprised and went to their teacher and told him about their observation. A teacher asked them to think over the reason for this. Can you help them by giving the reason for this observation? Also, write the chemical equations to explain the formation of compounds of different colours

3NaCNS + FeSO4 + dilute sulphuric→ Fe(CNS)3 (Blood red colour) + 3Na+ Ramesh's organic molecule has both Nitrogen and Sulphur, resulting in the Blood-red colour of Fe(CNS)3, whereas Manish and...

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The structure of triphenylmethylcation is given below. This is very stable and some of its salts can be stored for months. Explain the cause of the high stability of this cation.

Triphenylcarbocation is a tertiary carbocation with a positive charge on the carbon atom that is stabilised by resonance thanks to the three phenyl groups. The stability of the system improves as a...

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For testing halogens in an organic compound with AgNO3 solution, sodium extract (Lassaigne’s test) is acidified with dilute HNO3. What will happen if a student acidifies the extract with dilute H2 SO4 in place of dilute HNO3?

If dilute H2 SO4 is used, sodium sulphide and sodium cyanine are not destroyed, therefore the proper result will not be obtained if halides are present.

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Hyperconjugation involves delocalisation of ___________. (i) electrons of carbon-hydrogen σ bond of an alkyl group directly attached to an atom of the unsaturated system. (ii) electrons of carbon-hydrogen σ bond of alkyl group directly attached to the positively charged carbon atom. (iii) π-electrons of carbon-carbon bond (iv) lone pair of electrons

The correct answers are (i) and (ii).

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The fragrance of flowers is due to the presence of some steam volatile organic compounds called essential oils. These are generally insoluble in water at room temperature but are miscible with water vapour in the vapour phase. A a suitable method for the extraction of these oils from the flowers is: (i) Distillation (ii) Crystallisation (iii) Distillation under reduced pressure (iv) Steam distillation

Option IV is the correct answer.

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