A uniform magnetic field of $3000 \mathrm{G}$ is established along the positive z-direction. A rectangular loop of sides $10 \mathrm{~cm}$ and $5 \mathrm{~cm}$ carries a current of $12 \mathbf{A} .$ What is the torque on the loop in the different cases shown in the figure? What is the force on each case? Which case corresponds to stable equilibrium?
A uniform magnetic field of $3000 \mathrm{G}$ is established along the positive z-direction. A rectangular loop of sides $10 \mathrm{~cm}$ and $5 \mathrm{~cm}$ carries a current of $12 \mathbf{A} .$ What is the torque on the loop in the different cases shown in the figure? What is the force on each case? Which case corresponds to stable equilibrium?

(a) We can see from the diagram that A is normal to the x-y plane in the positive z-direction and B is parallel to the z-axis.

$\vec{A}=50 \times 10^{-4} \hat{k}$

$\vec{B}=0.3 \hat{k}$

Accordingly,

$\vec{\tau}=12 \times\left(-50 \times 10^{-4}\right) \hat{k} \times 0.3 \hat{k}$

$=0$

Hence, the torque is zero. The force is also zero.

(b) We can see from the diagram that A is normal to the x-y plane in the negative z-direction and B is parallel to the z-axis. The angle formed by A and B is $\theta=180^{\circ}$. Therefore,

$\vec{A}=-50 \times 10^{-4} \hat{k}$

$\vec{B}=0.3 \hat{k}$

$\vec{\tau}=12 \times\left(-50 \times 10^{-4}\right) \hat{k} \times 0.3 \hat{k}$

$=0$

Therefore, torque and force is zero.

Case (f) corresponds to unstable, and case (e) corresponds to stable equilibrium.