Solution:
There are various centres in the neural system that play an important role in the regulation and control of respiration. Those are:
Pneumotaxic centre, Respiratory Rhythm centre or Medullary inspiratory centre, Apneustic centre and chemosensitive centre.
1. Pneumotaxic centre:
It is present in the dorsal part (back) of the pons varoli of the brain. It decreases the time duration of the inspiration and alters the rate of respiration.
2. Respiratory Rhythm Centre or Medullary inspiratory Centre:
It is located in the medulla of the brain. It regulates the respiratory rhythm.
3. Apneustic centre is located in the lower part of the pons varoli of the brain. It expands the duration of inspiration.
4. Chemosensitive centre is located in the medulla oblongata and the pons area of the brain.
Breathing and exchange of gases is the process of respiration in which animals and mammals take in oxygen and exhale carbon dioxide. Oxygen is taken into the lungs and carbon dioxide is released as a by-product. This process is necessary for the survival of any specie and is defined as ‘Respiration’.
Steps in Respiration
- Breathing
- Exchange of Gases
- Transport of Gases
- Cellular Respiration