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The hardness of water may be temporary or permanent. Permanent hardness is due to the presence of (i) Chlorides of Ca and Mg in water (ii) Sulphates of Ca and Mg in water (iii) Hydrogen carbonates of Ca and Mg in water (iv) Carbonates of alkali metals in water
The hardness of water may be temporary or permanent. Permanent hardness is due to the presence of (i) Chlorides of Ca and Mg in water (ii) Sulphates of Ca and Mg in water (iii) Hydrogen carbonates of Ca and Mg in water (iv) Carbonates of alkali metals in water
CBSE | Chemistry | Class 11 | Hydrogen | NCERT
The hardness of water may be temporary or permanent. Permanent hardness is due to the presence of (i) Chlorides of Ca and Mg in water (ii) Sulphates of Ca and Mg in water (iii) Hydrogen carbonates of Ca and Mg in water (iv) Carbonates of alkali metals in water

Solution:

Option (i) and (ii) are the answers.

Permanent hardness is caused by the presence of soluble magnesium and calcium salts in the form of chorides and sulphates in the water, which causes the water to become hard. Bolling does not remove permanent hardness, and bolling does not remove permanent hardness.

i

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