The mechanical energy is converted into electrical energy by the electric generator. Electromagnetic induction is the basis of the electric generator’s operation. It works by rotating a coil in a magnetic field to generate electricity. A simple AC generator is illustrated in the diagram below.
In the diagram,
A and B are brushes,
C and D are slip rings
X is the axle
G is the galvanometer
MN rises upwards and ST moves downwards when the axle X is rotated clockwise. Electromagnetic induction causes the movement of MN and ST in the magnetic field to produce electric current. The magnetic fields act from left to right as MN travels upward. As a result, the induced current will flow from M to N along the length MN, according to Fleming’s right hand rule. Similarly, the induced current will flow in the direction of S to T along the length ST. The coil’s current flows in the MNST direction. As a result, the galvanometer displays a deflection in a specific direction.
The length MN begins to move lower after half a rotation, whereas the length ST begins to move upward. The induced current now reverses direction to TSNM. The current induced is known as alternating current because the direction of the induced current reverses every half rotation.
Function of Brushes
Brushes are kept on two slip rings, one for each brush. The galvanometer is linked to the brushes’ outer ends. Brushes thus aid in the transmission of electricity from the coil to the external circuit.