(a) What is the work done by the boy against the force of gravity? (b) What would have been the work done if he uses a lift in climbing the same vertical height? Solutions: Allow a boy with mass m...
Solutions: Allow a body of mass m to fall vertically or in an inclined plane from a height h. Consider a hill, a slope, or a staircase. The force of gravity acting vertically downwards on the body...
Solutions: We know that, 1 joule = 1N × 1m Also, 1 N = 105 dyne and 1 m = 102 cm Therefore, we have – 1 joule = 105 dyne × 102 cm = 107 dyne × cm = 107 erg Hence,...
Solutions: The Joule is the SI unit of work. One joule of work is done when a force of one newton displaces a body over a distance of one metre in its direction.
Solutions: The C.G.S unit of work is erg and S.I unit of work is Joule. We know that the relation between joule and erg is given by the expression – 1N × 1m = 1 joule Also, 1 N = 105 dyne...
Solutions: When a coolie carries a weight while walking on the ground and the force of gravity works vertically downward, the displacement is in the horizontal direction. As a result, the work done...
Solutions: When a fielder makes a catch, the labour he does is negative because the force he applies is in the opposite direction of the ball's movement.
Solutions: The capacity to do work is energy, and the amount of energy expended equals the amount of work completed. The coolie X will do more work because his work involves a change in potential...
(a) A man pushes a wall. (b) A coolie stands with a box on his head for 15 min. (c) A boy climbs up 20 stairs. Solutions: (a) Work is done by a man (b) No, work is not done by a coolie (c) Yes, work...
Solutions: The work done by gravity is zero because the force of gravity acting on the satellite is perpendicular to the satellite's displacement.
Solutions: When a body moves in a circular path, no work is done since the force on the body is directed towards the circular path's centre (the centripetal force acts on the body), and the...
Solutions: When a body is moved in the opposite direction of the force operating on it, work is done against the force.
Solutions: I If the body's displacement is in the direction of force, the work done is positive; Therefore, W = F S. When a coolie elevates a load against gravity, the work done by the coolie on the...
Solutions: Two conditions When the work done is zero are – (i) Condition of no displacement, S = 0 and (ii) Condition of normal displacement θ = 900
(a) Write the expression for the work done by the force. (b) What should be the angle between force and displacement so that the work done is (i) zero, (ii) maximum? Solutions: (a) W = F S cos θ...
(i) force is in direction of displacement, (ii) force is at an angle to the direction of displacement? Solution : (i) W = F × S This expression gives the work done when force is in direction of...
Solution – When a force is supplied to a body that causes it to move, the work is said to be completed. It's a scalar value.
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According to the given in the question, Let us assume that the plane takes off from point R on the ground and also assume that P be the final position of the plane to landoff. Then, In ΔPQR, $\sin...
high when the sun’s altitude is
Let us assume that PQ is height of the tree and QR is the shadow of tree. Then, In ΔPQR, \[\tan {{30}^{\circ }}=\frac{PQ}{QR}\] \[\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}=\frac{60}{QR}\] \[QR=60\sqrt{3}m\] Therefore,...
times the height of the pillar. Find the angle of elevation of the sun.Let us assume PQ is the pillar and QR is the shadow of pillar. Let us assume ‘h’ be the height of the pillar. Then, length of the shadow of pillar is $\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}h$ QR =...
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Let us assume PQ be the pole and QR be the shadow of the pole. Then, In ΔPQR, \[\tan \theta =\frac{PQ}{QR}\] \[\tan \theta =\frac{90}{90\sqrt{3}}\] \[\tan \theta =\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\] So as we...
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. Find the height of the cliff.Let us assume that PQ is the cliff and angle of elevation from R to the cliff is${{60}^{\circ }}$. In ΔPQR, \[\tan \theta =\frac{PQ}{QR}\] \[\tan {{60}^{\circ }}=\frac{PQ}{30}\]...
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Let us assume that PQ be the temple and R be the position of gate of the temple. Let us assume “h” be the height of the temple, Then, PQ = h QR = Distance of the gate of temple from its base...
(ii) 
The ratio is used for comparing two quantities of the sane kind. The ratio formula for two numbers says a and b is given by a:b or a/b. When two or more such ratios are equal, they are said to be in...
after reflection within the line.(i) y 
(ii) y = 4Co – ordinates of the image$=(-5,(2\times 0)-4)$ $=(-5,(0-4))$ $=\left( -5,-4 \right)$ Co – ordinates of the picture $=\left( -5,\left( 2\times 4 \right)-4 \right)$ $=\left( -5,\left( 8-4...
If 
is added to each number, the ratiobecomes 
Find the numbers.The ratio is used for comparing two quantities of the sane kind. The ratio formula for two numbers says a and b is given by a:b or a/b. When two or more such ratios are equal, they are said to be in...
(iv) Mx.Mo on P 
Mo.My $\left( 4,6 \right)$ Mo $\left( -4,6 \right)$ Therefore, reflection within the x – axis $\left( 4,-6 \right)$ Mx.Mo $\left( -1,-3 \right)$ Mx $\left( -1,3 \right)$...
ii) My.Mo on A 
Mx.My $\left( 2,-5 \right)$ Mx $\left( -2,-5 \right)$ Therefore, reflection within the origin is $\left( -2,-5 \right)$ My.Mo $\left( -7,3 \right)$ My $\left( 7,-3 \right)$ Therefore,...
and 
(iv) 
and 
The ratio is used for comparing two quantities of the sane kind. The ratio formula for two numbers says a and b is given by a:b or a/b. When two or more such ratios are equal, they are said to be in...
and 
(ii) 
and 
The ratio is used for comparing two quantities of the sane kind. The ratio formula for two numbers says a and b is given by a:b or a/b. When two or more such ratios are equal, they are said to be in...
is reflected within the x-axis to the point P’. The point P’ is then reflected in the origin to point P”. Mention down the co-ordinates of P”. State the one transformation that maps P into P”.In the question it is mention that, P $=\left( -8,1 \right)$ The co-ordinates of P’ under reflection within the x –axis $=\left( -8,-1 \right)$ Then, the co-ordinates of p” under reflection within...
(iv) 
The ratio is used for comparing two quantities of the sane kind. The ratio formula for two numbers says a and b is given by a:b or a/b. When two or more such ratios are equal, they are said to be in...
(ii) 
The ratio is used for comparing two quantities of the sane kind. The ratio formula for two numbers says a and b is given by a:b or a/b. When two or more such ratios are equal, they are said to be in...
, B 
and C 
. This triangle is reflected in the line y on to ΔA’B’C’. ΔA’B’C’ in then reflected in the origin onto ΔA”B”C”. Mention down the co-ordinates of ΔA’B’C’ and ΔA”B”C”.In the question it is mentioned that, The co–ordinates of its vertices are A $\left( 2,3 \right)$, B $\left( 4,-4 \right)$ and C $\left( 6,-7 \right)$ Then, co-ordinates of ΔA’B’C’ under...
(iv)
The ratio is used for comparing two quantities of the sane kind. The ratio formula for two numbers says a and b is given by a:b or a/b. When two or more such ratios are equal, they are said to be in...
(ii) 
The ratio is used for comparing two quantities of the sane kind. The ratio formula for two numbers says a and b is given by a:b or a/b. When two or more such ratios are equal, they are said to be in...
under reflection within the origin and under reflection within the y-axis. Calculate the distance between the points of reflection?Lets presume that S be the Point, So, S $=\left( -2,4 \right)$ Then, picture under reflection within the origin S’ $=\left( 2,-4 \right)$ And picture under reflection in the y-axis S” $=\left( 2,4...
(iv) 
The ratio is used for comparing two quantities of the sane kind. The ratio formula for two numbers says a and b is given by a:b or a/b. When two or more such ratios are equal, they are said to be in...
(ii) 
The ratio is used for comparing two quantities of the sane kind. The ratio formula for two numbers says a and b is given by a:b or a/b. When two or more such ratios are equal, they are said to be in...
are the co-ordinates of P”. State the one transformation that happens.In the question it is mentioned that, P” $=(5,-2)$ Then, are the co-ordinates of P’$=(-5,2)$ Therefore, the co-ordinates of P$=(-5,-2)$ One transformation = reflection within the y-axis
and
. Find B’, the picture of B under the reflection in the x-axis and C’, the picture of C under the reflection in the line BB’.In the question it is mentioned that, B point $=\left( 3,2 \right)$ C point $=\left( 0,3 \right)$ Then, the reflection of B in the x – axis is B’ $=\left( 3,-2 \right)$ And the reflection of C in...
(iv) 
The ratio is used for comparing two quantities of the sane kind. The ratio formula for two numbers says a and b is given by a:b or a/b. When two or more such ratios are equal, they are said to be in...
is reflected in the origin as R’. Q point 
is reflected in the x-axis as Q’. Mention down the co-ordinates of R’ and Q’. Calculate the distance between R’ Q’.In the question it is mentioned that R point = $\left( 3,-2 \right)$ Then, a R point is reflected in the origin as R’ $=\left( -3,2 \right)$ Q point $=\left( -7,1 \right)$ Then, a Q...
(iv) 
The co-ordinates of the pictures of the spots given under reflection in the x-axis is $(0,6)$ The co-ordinates of the pictures of the spots given under reflection in the x-axis is $(-4,8)$
(ii) 
The co-ordinates of the pictures of the spots given under reflection in the x-axis is $(3,9)$ The co-ordinates of the pictures of the spots given under reflection in the x-axis is $(-7,5)$
and 
paise(iv) 
and 
The ratio is used for comparing two quantities of the sane kind. The ratio formula for two numbers says a and b is given by a:b or a/b. When two or more such ratios are equal, they are said to be in...
and 
(ii) 
and 
Given numbers can be written as, $5.60/2.40$ Now, shifting the decimal points we get, $=28/12$…[because diving both by $2$] $=14/6$…[because diving both by $2$] $=7/3$…[because diving both by $2$]...
. Find the co-ordinates of P. Find the co-ordinates of the picture of P under reflection in the y-axis.In the question it is mention that, P’ $=(-3,4)$ Then, is the co-ordinates of P under reflection in the x -axis$(-3,-4)$ also the co-ordinates of P” under reflection in the y – axis is $(3,-4)$ The...
and 
then find 
The ratio is used for comparing two quantities of the sane kind. The ratio formula for two numbers says a and b is given by a:b or a/b. When two or more such ratios are equal, they are said to be in...
. Find the co-ordinates of P and P”. Mention the one transformation that map P onto P”.In the question it is mention that, P’ $(-3,4)$ Then, $( -3,-4)$is the co-ordinates of P under reflection in the x-axis. Also, $( 3,-4)$is the co-ordinates of P” under reflection in the origin The...
, then find 
The ratio is used for comparing two quantities of the sane kind. The ratio formula for two numbers says a and b is given by a:b or a/b. When two or more such ratios are equal, they are said to be in...
; find the value of 
The ratio is used for comparing two quantities of the sane kind. The ratio formula for two numbers says a and b is given by a:b or a/b. When two or more such ratios are equal, they are said to be in...
, then mention the co-ordinates of S’In the question, s$=( 2,-5)$ is given Then,$(-2,5)$ is the co-ordinates of S’ under reflection in the origin.
. He saves every month a minimum of ₹ 
. Find the ratio of his:(i) Annual expenses to annual income.(ii) Monthly savings to monthly expensesThe ratio is used for comparing two quantities of the sane kind. The ratio formula for two numbers says a and b is given by a:b or a/b. When two or more such ratios are equal, they are said to be in...
, then mention the co-ordinates of P.From the question P’ $=(2,10)$is given Then, $( 2,-10)$is the co-ordinates of P under reflection in the x-axis.
, find the value of 
The ratio is used for comparing two quantities of the sane kind. The ratio formula for two numbers says a and b is given by a:b or a/b. When two or more such ratios are equal, they are said to be in...
(iv) 
The co-ordinates of the pictures of the spots given under reflection in the origin is $( 0,-2)$ The co-ordinates of the pictures of the spots given under reflection in the origin is (-9,9)
( 2,7)$The co-ordinates of the images of the spots given under reflection in the origin is $(1,4)$ The co-ordinates of the pictures of the spots given under reflection in the origin is $( -2,-7)
(iv) 
The co-ordinates of the pictures of the spots given under reflection in the y-axis is $(-5,-6)$ The co-ordinates of the pictures of the spots given under reflection in the y-axis is $( 4,7)$
(ii) 
The co-ordinates of the pictures of the spots given under reflection in the y-axis is $(-2,8)$ The co-ordinates of the pictures of the spots given under reflection in the y-axis is $(1,-3)$
, find the following(iii) 
The ratio is used for comparing two quantities of the sane kind. The ratio formula for two numbers says a and b is given by a:b or a/b. When two or more such ratios are equal, they are said to be in...
, find the following(i) 
(ii) 
The ratio is used for comparing two quantities of the sane kind. The ratio formula for two numbers says a and b is given by a:b or a/b. When two or more such ratios are equal, they are said to be in...
is 13, find x.In question, Given that: $8,14,20,x\And 12$ Mean $=13$ We have to find out the value for x, Then, Whereas, N is the total number $N=5$ $\bar{x}=(x1+x2+..xn)/n$ $13=(8+14+20+x+12)/5$...
is
, find pIn question given that, $11,14,p,26,10,12,18\And 6$ Mean $=15$ We have to find the value for p, Whereas n is the total number \[N=8\] $\bar{x}=(x1+x2+..xn)/n$...
. If a new member with a monthly income of 
jons the group, find the new monthly incomeIn the question it is given that, The mean monthly income of 10 persons is $8670$ Where n is the number of persons, $n=10$ as we know that, $\bar{x}=(x1+x2+...+xn)/n$ $8,670=\sum{xn/10}$...
to
. Find the new mean when each number is diminished by 
.Natural number: it is define as a counting number All the natural numbers from $32$to $46$are, \[32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46\] Where n is the total number, $N=15$...
. Subsequently, she took out Rs 
on 12.05.2007; deposited a cheque of Rs. 
on 03.06.2007 and paid Rs 
– by cheque on 18.06.2007. 
pa compounded at the end of March and September, find her balance on 1.04.2008(a) From giving data in the question, We have to make the entries in passbook, So, the table have 5 columns. The data in 5 columns are, DateParticulars Withdrawals Depots Balance....
1. Name the process being studied. 2. Explain the process named above in (a). 3. Why was the pot covered with a plastic sheet? 4. Suggest a suitable control for this experiment. 5. Mention two ways...
1. Name the process intended for study. 2. Define the above mentioned process. 3. When the weight of the test tubes A and B is taken before and after the experiment, what change is...
1. What is the purpose of keeping CaCl2 vials inside the cup? 2. After few hours CaCl2 vials were taken out and weighed again. Will you expect any difference in weight? If so, give reason....
1. Name the colour of dry cobalt chloride paper. 2. Is the experimental leaf a monocot or a dicot? Give a reason to support your answer. 3. Why are glass slides placed over the dry cobalt chloride...
1. Name the phenomenon being demonstrated. 2. What is the purpose of putting oil in the test tube? 3. What is the purpose of the spring balance in the set-up? 4. Would it make a...
(C) coated on both surfaces(D) left uncoated.All the four leaves A, B, C and D were left in a room for about 24 hours.1. Which leaf would become most limp? Why? 2. Which leaf would show least...
(a) Intensity of light: During the day, the stomata is open to facilitate the internal CO2 distribution of photosynthesis. At night it closes. Therefore, most transpiration occurs during the day....
The leaves of certain plants show water droplets on their sides in the morning. This is especially true for plants that grow in humid climates. The moist environment interferes with breathing while...
Forests have a large number of plants and trees. Plants therefore lose water in the form of daily water in the atmosphere through transpiration. A tree loses more than 30 gallons [30 L] of water a...
Factors pacing up the rate of transpiration: 1. Intensity of sunlight 2. Temperature 3. Velocity of wind 4. Humidity
Lenticels are a special opening from the old stem instead of stomata. This allows the diffusion of respiratory gases and photosynthesis. Lenticels do not close. They are always open....
A Potometer is an instrument that measures the amount of water consumed by a plant and this water intake is almost equal to the water lost through transpiration. The knife is sharpened and the twig...
Unit TestIIIIIIIVVVIPercentage of marks obtained by students$72$$67$$69$$74$$71$$76$ (iii) less than $65%$marks in a unit test. Answer- Probability – the chances of something happening. (iii) The...
every month in a recurring deposit account for a period of 
years at a simple interest rate of 
pa.From the question it is given that, Mrs. Khandelkar invests ₹$900$ every month in a recurring deposit account. Period = $3$ years We know that, 1 year = $12$ Months So, $3$years = $3\times...
Unit Test$$IIIIII1VVVIPercentage of marks obtained$72$$67$$69$$74$$71$$76$ Based on this data find the probability that the student gets. (i) More than $70%$ marks in a unit test. (ii) less than...
to 
. Find the new mean when each number is multiplied by 
.Odd number is that is not divided by two All odd numbers from $5$ to $20$ are, $5,7,9,11,13,15,17,19$ Where as n is the total number $N=8$ Then, $\bar{x}=(x1+x2+...xn)/n$...
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.Therefore, We know that ,all the numbers from \[7\]to $17$are: $7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17$ Whereas n is the total number, $N=11$ Then, $\bar{x}=(x1+x2+...xn)/n$...
prime numbers.Prime no: its only divided by $1$ and exactly only by itself . We all know that, The first $10$ prime numbers are: $2,3,5,7,9,11,13,17,19,23,29$ Whereas ‘n’ is the total numbers $N=10$ Then,...
even numbers.Mean is the average vale in a collection of numbers. We all know that, the first $12$ even numbers are: $2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16,18,20,22,24$ Whereas ‘n’ is the total number Then,$n=12$...
times and frequencies of the outcomes 
were noted as given in the following tableOutcomes$1$$2$$3$$4$$5$$6$Frequency$73$$70$$74$$75$$80$$78$ (iii) a number $>4$ SOLUTION- (iii) Number of times greater than 4 come on the die = $80+78=158$ $P(>4$will come up on die$)$...
. The sales tax on it is 
. He requested the shopkeeper to reduce the price to such an extent that he has to pay only 
including the sales tax. Find the reduction given by the shopkeeper.Given The cost of leather coat is ₹$2,654$ The rate of sales tax $9%$ Calculation, Let, the reduced price if coat be$y$ Total amount of the coat $=y+9%$of $=1y+\left( 9/100 \right)y$ $=109y/100$...
. The rate of sales tax is 
. The shopkeeper gave her a discount such that she got the watch for only 
. Find the discount given by the shopkeeper.Given, The cost of titan watch is ₹$3,250$ The rate of sales tax$12%$ Let, the reduced price of watch be$y$ Total amount of the watch $=y+12%$of$y$ $=1y+\left( 12/100 \right)y$ $=112y/100$...
. The rate of sales tax is 
. He requests the shopkeeper to reduce the price to such an extent that he has to pay only 
including the sales tax. Find the reduction needed in the price of the fan.Given The cost of fan = ₹$750$ The rate of sales tax = $6%$ Calculation, Let, the reduced price of fan be$y$ Total amount of the fan $=y+6%$of$y$ $=1y+\left( 6/100 \right)y$ $=106y/100$ But, the...
is 
. Find the basic price of the scooter.Given The total cost of a scooter including sales tax is ₹$37,462.50$ The rate of sales tax $11%$ Calculation Let, the basic price of scooter be$y$ Total price of the scooter = ₹$\left[ y+\left(...
times and frequencies of the outcomes were noted as given in the following tableoutcome$1$$2$$3$$4$$5$$6$Frequency$73$$70$$74$$75$$80$$78$ (i) $4$ (ii) a number $<4$ Solution:- In the question it is given that, a die is thrown $450$ times So, total number of times die thrown...
is 
. Find the basic price of the shoesGiven The total cost of a Nike shoes including sales tax is ₹$1,572.90$ The rate of sales tax$7%$ Let, the basic price of Nike shoes be$y$ So, total price of the Shoes = ₹$\left[ y+\left( \left(...
is 
. Find the basic price of the T.V. set.Given The total cost of a T.V. set including sales tax is ₹$30,552$ The rate of sales tax$14%$ Calculation Let, the basic price of T.V. set be$y$ So, total price of the T.V. set = ₹$\left[ y+\left(...
. If the rate of sales tax , find the basic price of the refrigeratorGiven, The total cost of a refrigerator including sales tax is ₹$30,940$ The rate of sales tax$12%$ Calculation, Let, the basic price of refrigerator be $y$ Total price of the refrigerator =...
and the sales tax on it is 
. Find the rate of sales tax.Given The marked price of an article is ₹$17,840$ The sales tax = ₹$2,230$ Calculation, Rate of sales tax = ($100\times $Sale tax)/marked price = $\left( 100\times 2,230 \right)/17,840$ =$12.5%$...
. The sales tax on it is 
. Find the rate of sales taxGiven Price of Samsung plasma T.V. in the showroom = ₹$68,000$ Sales tax = ₹$14,960$ Calculation, Rate of sales tax = ($100\times $Sale tax)/marked price = $\left( 100\times 14,960 \right)/68,000$...
and the sales tax on it is 
. Find the rate of sales taxGiven The list price of chair = ₹$7,500$ Sales tax = ₹$1,125$ Calculation, Rate of sales tax = ($100\times $ Sale tax)/marked price $=\left( 100\times 1,125 \right)/7,500$ =$15%$ $\therefore $ Rate...
and carrying a sales tax of 
.Given List price of electronic washing machine = ₹$24,600$ Rate of sales tax =$15%$ Sales tax = (list price × rate of sale tax) $/100$ $=\left( 24,600\times 15 \right)/100$ = ₹$3,690$ Selling price...
and the sales tax on it is 
. Find the selling price of the watchGiven Rate of sales tax on watch =$18%$ Listed price of watch = ₹$15,500$ Sales tax = (list price × rate of sale tax)$/100$ $=\left( 15,500\times 18 \right)//100$ = ₹$2,790$ Selling price of watch =...
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.Given List price of the leather bag = ₹$4,850$ The rate of sales tax =$12%$ Sales tax = (list price × rate of sale tax)$/100$ $=\left( 4,850\times 12 \right)/100$ = ₹$582$ The amount paid by Rajesh...
. Two coins are tossed simultaneously 
times and the outcomes are noted asTwo tails: $83$ One tail: $140$ No tail: $77$ Find the probability of occurrence of each these events. Solution:- the extent to which an event is likely to occur, measured by the ratio of the...
families with 
children were selected randomly, and the following data were recorded:Number of girls in a family$0$$1$$2$Number of families$333$$392$$275$ Find the probability of a family, having (iii) no girl Solution:- The extent to which an event is likely to occur and measured...
S. No.ItemMarked PriceSales Tax(i)Shoes₹ 2,740.00₹ 137.00(ii)Music system₹ 16,400.00₹ 2,050.00(iii)Vacuum cleaners₹ 8,325.00₹ 1,332.00(iv)Digital diary₹ 3,500.00₹ 367.50(v)VCD₹ 27,916.00₹ 4,047.82...
S. No.ItemMarked PriceSales Tax(i)Shoes₹ 2,740.00₹ 137.00(ii)Music system₹ 16,400.00₹ 2,050.00(iii)Vacuum cleaners₹ 8,325.00₹ 1,332.00(iv)Digital diary₹ 3,500.00₹ 367.50(v)VCD₹ 27,916.00₹ 4,047.82...
S. No.ItemMarked PriceRate of Sales Tax(i)Walkman₹ 1,750.008.5%(ii)Washing machine₹14,840.007.5%(iii)Computer₹ 32,725.0012%(iv)Sofa set₹ 16,000.0011.5%(v)T.V.₹ 28,975.0016%(vi)Jacket₹...
families with children were selected randomly, and the following data were recorded:Number of girls in a family$0$$1$$2$Number of families$333$$392$$275$ Find the probability of a family, having (i) $1$ girl (ii) $2$ girls Solution:- Probability is the branch mathematics...
S. No.ItemMarked PriceRate of Sales Tax(i)Walkman₹ 1,750.008.5%(ii)Washing machine₹14,840.007.5%(iii)Computer₹ 32,725.0012%(iv)Sofa set₹ 16,000.0011.5%(v)T.V.₹ 28,975.0016%(vi)Jacket₹...
S. No.ItemMarked PriceRate of Sales Tax(i)Walkman₹ 1,750.008.5%(ii)Washing machine₹14,840.007.5%(iii)Computer₹ 32,725.0012%(iv)Sofa set₹ 16,000.0011.5%(v)T.V.₹ 28,975.0016%(vi)Jacket₹...
S. No.ItemMarked PriceRate of Sales Tax(i)Walkman₹ 1,750.008.5%(ii)Washing machine₹14,840.007.5% (i) Marked price = $1,750$, Rate of sales tax = $8.5%$ Sales tax = (marked price × rate of sale...
a. Name the region in the kidney where the above structure is present? b. Name the parts labelled 1, 2, 3, and 4. c. Name the stages involved in the formation of urine. d. What is the...
(a) Define excretion. (b) Name the functional units of the kidneys. (c) Why does the cortex of the kidney show a dotted appearance? (d) Mention two functions of the kidney. (e) Write two differences...
Parts indicated by the guidelines 1 to 8 are as follows: 1. Afferent arteriole from renal artery; 2. Efferent arteriole 3. Bowman’s capsule, 4. Glomerulus; 5. Proximal convoluted tubule with blood...
times and the outcomes were noted as: Head: 
, Tail : 
. Find the probability of the coin showing up (i) a head, (ii) a tail.Probability means possibility. It is a branch of mathematics that deals with the occurrence of a random event. The value is expressed from zero to one. From the question it is given that, A...
(a) Name all the organ-systems shown completely or even partially.(b) Name the parts numbered 1 to 5. (c) Name the structural and functional unit of the part marked ‘1’.(d) Name the two main organic...
(a) Is it a longitudinal section or a cross-section? (b) Name the parts numbered 1-5. (c) Which area/part (give its name and number given on the diagram) which contains the following: (i) Malpighian...
Solution – dialysis machine means an artificial kidney . From the radial artery the blood is led in the patients arm through the machine . Here the urea and excess salts are removed and the purified...
Solution - Ultrafiltration : it is a high pressure filtration through a semi permeable membrane in which the colloid particles are kept while the small size solutes and solvent are made to...
(b) Micturition (c) Renal pelvis (d) Urea (e) Osmoregulation Solution – (a) Ultrafiltration : it is a high pressure filtration through a semi permeable membrane in which the colloid particles are...
In a nephron, the _______ flows through the ________ under great pressure. The reason for this great pressure is that the ________ (outgoing) _________ is narrower than the __________ (incoming)....
Column I Column II (a) Bowman’s capsule (i) Renal artery (b) Contains more CO2 (ii) Regulates amount of and less urea water excreted (c) Antidiuretic hormone (iii) Renal vein (d) Contains more...
Solution - urea, creatinine, and uric acid are the main nitrogenous metabolic waste excreted out by mammals including human beings .
(b) Renal cortex and renal medulla (c) Renal pelvis and renal papilla (d) Urea and urine (e) Excretion and secretion Solution – difference : (a) Bowman’s capsule and malpighian capsule....
Solution – in summers to keep ourselves hydrated we drink a lot of water . Water in take is more but we urinate less number of times . But in winters we drink less and go to urinal more times . In...
Solution – if we donated one kidney to a needy person , then the left one kidney alone is capable to carry out our needs . The donor can live a normal life as before .
Solution – kidney removes the waste from the body . Along with this , it also regulates the composition of the blood . This is known as osmoregulation - it implies the regulation of osmotic pressure...
Solution – uriniferous tubule are small minute tubules located in the kidney . It comprises of proximal tube , the intermediate tube , the distal tube and the collecting duct . It receives impure...
Solution - Excretion plays an important role in maintaining the homeostatic condition of the body .There are numerous substances in our body that need to be removed regularly . if it is not...
(b) Henle’s loop (c) Ureter (d) Renal artery (e) Urethra Solution – functional activity : (a) glomerulus – filters plasma to produce glomerular filtrate (b) henle’s loop – reabsorbs water an calcium...
(b) Skin, liver, lungs, kidneys, excretion. (c) ADH, water, pituitary, osmoregulation, urine. (d) CO2, bile pigments, water, excretion, urea. Solution – The term common to all is ultrafiltration ....
Solution – correct sequencing of the terms are as follows : Afferent arteriole, glomerulus, efferent arteriole, capillary network, renal vein.Renal artery, kidney, ureter, urinary bladder,...
(b) The outer region of kidney containing the Bowman’s capsule. (c) The tuft of capillaries inside the Bowman’s capsule. (d) The part of kidney tubules where the term urine is first used for the...
Correct option - ( b ) Explanation – liver is responsible for the formation of urea
and circumscribe a square about it.In old style math, a span of a circle or circle is any of the line fragments from its middle to its edge, and in more current utilization, it is additionally their length. In math, the circumference...
and inscribe an equilateral triangle in it.In old style math, a span of a circle or circle is any of the line fragments from its middle to its edge, and in more current utilization, it is additionally their length. In math, the circumference...
in which 
, 
and 
. Inscribe a circle in the and measure its radius.In old style math, a span of a circle or circle is any of the line fragments from its middle to its edge, and in more current utilization, it is additionally their length. In math, the circumference...
and 
with their centers
apart. Draw a direct common tangent and a transverse common tangent. Calculate the length of the direct common tangent.In old style math, a span of a circle or circle is any of the line fragments from its middle to its edge, and in more current utilization, it is additionally their length. In math, the circumference...
and 
, their centers being 
apart. Construct a transverse common tangent and measure its length.In old style math, a span of a circle or circle is any of the line fragments from its middle to its edge, and in more current utilization, it is additionally their length. In math, the circumference...
Correct option - ( c ) Explanation – sweating in real sense is not an excretory activity . While passing faecal matter , removing urea and carbon dioxide from the body are all excretory...
Correct option - ( a ) Explanation - proximal convoluted tubule reabsorbs the Maximum amount of water from the glomerular filtrate . Hence correct answer is proximal convoluted tubule
Correct option - ( c ) Explanation – excretion primarily involves removal of nitrogenous waste . It is chemical waste
Identify the types of blood vessels numbered 1 to 5.Where can such an arrangement be found as an example – in lungs or in heart walls? Solution – Identify the types of blood vessels numbered 1 to 5....
Name the cell labelled 1 b. Identify the phenomenon occurring in A. c. Mention two structural differences between 1 and 2 d. Name the process occurring in B and C and state the...
(a) Name the phase(b) Which part of the heart is contracting in this phase? Give a reason to support your answer.(c) Name the parts numbered 1 to 6. (d) What type of blood flows through the parts...
and 
respectively so that their centers are 
apart. Draw direct common tangents to the circle and show that they are equal in length.In old style math, a span of a circle or circle is any of the line fragments from its middle to its edge, and in more current utilization, it is additionally their length. In math, the circumference...
(a) Several hours after a meal containing a lot of protein, which vessel will contain the highest concentration of urea?(b) Which vessel would contain the highest concentration of amino acids and...
(a) When the liquid from the blood surrounds the cells, what is it called? (b) Name any one important component of the blood which remains inside the capillaries and fails to move out into the...
(a) Which part (state the number) represents the heart? Give reason in support of your answer.(b) Which numbers represent the following respectively?Aorta Superior vena cava Hepatic portal vein...
(a) Name the parts 1, 2, 3 and 4 indicated by guidelines. (b) Mention two structural differences between the parts labeled 1 and 2. (c) What is the main function of the parts labeled 1, 2 and 3...
and respectively so that their centers are apart. Draw direct common tangents to the circle.Radii is also known as radius. In old style math, a span of a circle or circle is any of the line fragments from its middle to its edge, and in more current utilization, it is additionally their...
Solution – by double circulation we mean that the blood flows twice in the heart before it complete one cardiac cycle . Diastole means when the heart relaxes and allows blood to refill each...
(d) Only the veins and not the arteries are provided with valves. (e) Atrial wall is less muscular than the ventricular wall.(f) The arteries are deep seated in the body Solution – The walls of the...
from a point 
from the center. What is the length of each of them?In old style math, a span of a circle or circle is any of the line fragments from its middle to its edge, and in more current utilization, it is additionally their length. In math, the circumference...
. Take a point P outside the circle. Draw tangents to the circle from P without using the center and using only ruler and compassesIn old style math, a span of a circle or circle is any of the line fragments from its middle to its edge, and in more current utilization, it is additionally their length. In math, the circumference...
. Take a point ‘P’ at distance of from the center. Using ruler and compasses only construct the tangent to the circle from the point.In old style math, a span of a circle or circle is any of the line fragments from its middle to its edge, and in more current utilization, it is additionally their length. In math, the circumference...
. Take a point P on its circumference. Construct a tangent to the circle at P without using the center.In old style math, a span of a circle or circle is any of the line fragments from its middle to its edge, and in more current utilization, it is additionally their length. In math, the circumference...
(a) The left ventricle has thicker walls than the right ventricle. (b) The walls of the right ventricle are thicker than those of the right auricle Solution – (a) The left ventricle has thicker...
Solution : function of tonsils – they tend to localize the infection and prevent it from spreading it in the body as a whole Function of spleen – Fights the germs invading the bloodControls the...
In old style math, a span of a circle or circle is any of the line fragments from its middle to its edge, and in more current utilization, it is additionally their length. In math, the circumference...
Solution - difference ArteryVeinBranchedUnitedThick and non muscular wallsThin and less muscular wallsLumen is narrowLumen is wideElasticity in wallsWalls are non – elasticNo valves in inner...
(a) Endothelium (b) Lymph nodes (c) Venule (d) Diastole Solution – explanation : ( a ) endothelium – inner most muscular wall of an artery or a vein (b) Lymph nodes – small round or bean shaped...
Solution – functions of blood – Transportation of oxygen and nutrients to the lungs and tissues .Formation of blood clots .Regulation of body temperature Brings waste products to the kidneys...
Solution – no it is not possible for the blood to clot under the skin . This is so because of presence of heparin which prevents the coagulation of the blood when inside .
(a) Rh factor (b) Universal donor (c) Diapedesis Solution – ( a ) Rh factor – its an inherited antigen usually found on the blood cells . People having it are Rh positive and those who do not have...
Solution - main steps in coagulation of blood Thrombokinase released by the injured tissue cells and plateletsThrombokinase with the help of calcium ions converts prothrombin of...
Solution – functions of blood plasma are – Take nutrients , hormones and proteins to other parts of the body Helps to remove the waste products Transportation of digested food from the alimentary...
SubstanceFromTo1. ……………LungsWhole body2. Carbon dioxide………..……………3. Urea………..…………..4. Digested carbohydratesIntestine…………..5. ………….…………..Target organs Solution – SubstanceFromTo1. OxygenLungsWhole...
Column A Column B (a) SA Node (i) Plasma (b) Defective haemoglobin in RBC (ii) Serum (c) Muscle fibres located in heart (iii) Pacemakers (d) The liquid squeezed out of blood (iv) Sickle cell anaemia...
Solution - The heart is located right in the center between the two lungs and above the diaphragm . The narrow end is pointed towards the left side . The powerful contraction at this end gives us a...
Solution – the LUBB is produced when atrio ventricular valve gets closed . The DUBB sound is produced when the semilunar valves at the roots of aorta and pulmonary artery get closed.
Solution – human circulatory system is double circulatory system . It has two separate circuits and blood passes via the heart twice : the pulmonary circuit and the systemic circuit .
(b) RBC and WBC (Structure) (c) Serum and Vaccine (Composition) (d) Erythrocytes and leucocytes (function) (e) Artery and vein (direction of blood flow) (f) Artery and vein (type of blood primarily...
Solution it is important to know the blood groups before transfusion . Before transfusion the blood should be matched , if it is similar only then it should be transfused . If not then it will give...
Solution – difference between white blood cells and red blood cells – White blood cellsRed blood cellsWith the help of pseudopodia ( produced by white blood cells ) they can squeeze through the...
Solution – a mature mammalian erythrocyte lacks nucleus and mitochondria to make place available to accommodate more hemoglobin and more oxygen molecules . This gives biconcave appearance to the red...
(b) Coronary artery: Heart::Hepatic artery:______ Solution – a) Lubb: Atrioventricular valve:: Dup: Semilunar valves (b) Coronary artery: Heart::Hepatic artery: liver
(b) A blood vessel which has small lumen and thick wall is _______. (capillary, lymphatic duct, artery, venule) © The valve which prevents the back flow of blood in the veins and lymph vessels...
(a) Any one vein which starts from an organ and ends in another organ besides the heart. (b) The kind of blood vessels which have no muscular walls. (c) Any artery which carries impure...
Solution : (a)Blood platelets : blood coagulation(b) Neutrophils : phagocytosis (c) Erythrocytes : transportation of gases (d) Lymphocytes : antibodies production(e) Bone marrow : destruction of old...
Correct option – ( c ) Explanation – first heart sound is heard because of the closure of bicuspid and tricuspid valve . While second heart sound is due to closure of atrioventricular and...
Correct option – ( d ) Explanation – the lymph nodes filter the pathogens and destroy them .This is their main function Hence correct answer is – destroy pathogens
(c) defective functioning of mitral valve(d) infection by a virus Correct option – ( b ) Explanation - chest pain due to an inadequate supply of oxygen to the heart muscle is called as angina...
Correct option – ( b ) Explanation – renal artery supplies the blood to the kidney . Veins take away the deoxygenated blood Hence correct answer is – renal artery
Correct option – ( c ) Explanation – while examining pulse the doctor presses the radial artery so as to listen how many times the heart pumps the blood in one minute . Hence correct answer is –...
Correct option – ( d ) Explanation – nearest organ to which heart supplies blood is heart itself . From heart oxygenated blood goes to heart itself and later to other organs Hence correct answer is...
Correct option – ( b ) Explanation -phagocytosis is the process in which bacteria are engulfed by the cells Hence correct answer is – phagocytosis
Correct option – ( a ) Explanation – agranulocytes are while blood cells and comprises of lymphocytes and monocytes Hence correct answer is - lymphocytes and monocytes
Name the plant hormone responsible for the above changes. Mention two characteristic features of this hormone. Solution - ( a) the plant hormone responsible for the above changes is...
geotropism refers to growing towards the gravity of the earth . Organs which grow towards the gravity are termed as positively geotropic and those growing against the gravity are known as negatively...
Solution – five plant growth hormone with their role are – AUXIN – by cell division it promotes growth of the stems , roots and fruits ....
(a) Hormone that stimulates growth by cell division. (b) Growth retarding hormone in plants. (c) Main auxin found in most plants. Solution – Hormone that stimulates growth by cell division –...
Phototropism, thigmotropism, hydrotropism and geotropism. Solution - phototropism is the movement towards light Thigmotropism is growing movement of plants in response to touch stimulus...
Solution - movement of the entire organism from one place to another is locomotion . In plants part movement is a result of growth as a response to various stimuli . Growth responses are slow and in...
(a) Thigmotropism and geotropism (b) Phototropism and chemotropism Solution – ( a ) Thigmotropism and geotropism Thigmotropismgeotropismdirectional growth movement of a part of the...
Column A Column B (a) Auxin (i) apical dominance (b) Gibberellin (ii) cell-division (c) Cytokinin (iii) fruit ripening (d) Ethylene (iv) Internodal elongation Solution – correct matching is Column...
(a) away from the stimulus (b) towards the stimulus (c) either towards or away from the stimulus (d) only towards water Correct option – ( c ) Explanation – tropic movement are directional movements...
(a) positively geotropic and negatively phototropic (b) positively geotropic and positively phototropic (c) negatively geotropic and positively phototropic (d) negatively phototropic and negatively...
(a) GA1 (b) GA2 (c) GA3 (d) GA7 Correct option – ( c ) Explanation - GA3 is the most common gibberellin . They are plant growth regulators and and helps in elongation of the...
(a) green banana (b) ripe banana (c) fresh potato tuber (d) green apple Correct option – ( b )Explanation – bananas which have ripened have high concentration of ethylene present in them . This is...
(a) base of the root (b) base of the shoot (c) shoot (d) meristematic region of the shoot Correct option – ( d ) Explanation – the meristematic region of the shoot produces auxins in abundance ....