(i) Lyophobic sol is protected. (ii) Lyophilic sol is protected. (iii) Film of lyophilic sol is formed over lyophobic sol. (iv) Film of lyophobic sol is formed over lyophilic sol. Correct...
(i) Lyophobic colloids. (ii) Irreversible colloids. (iii) Reversible colloids. (iv) Lyophilic colloids. Correct Answers: (iii) Reversible colloids. (iv) Lyophilic colloids. Explanation:...
(i) KCl (ii) glucose (iii) urea (iv) NaCl Correct Answers: (i) KCl (iv) NaCl Explanation: KCl and NaCl are the substances that can precipitate the negatively charged...
(i) heating (ii) adding more amount of dispersion medium (iii) freezing (iv) adding emulsifying agent Correct Answers: (ii) adding more amount of dispersion medium (iv) adding emulsifying...
(i) Mixing two oppositely charged sols neutralises their charges and stabilises the colloid. (ii) Presence of equal and similar charges on colloidal particles provides stability to the colloids....
(i) very strong van der Waal’s interaction. (ii) very weak van der Waals forces. (iii) very low critical temperature. (iv) very high critical temperature. Correct Answers: (ii) very weak van...
(i) When1/n= 0, the adsorption is independent of pressure. (ii) When 1/n = 0, the adsorption is directly proportional to pressure. (iii)When n = 0,x/m vs p graph is a line parallel to x-axis. (iv)...
(i) Same reactants may give different product by using different catalysts. (ii) Catalyst does not change ∆H of reaction. (iii) Catalyst is required in large quantities to catalyse reactions. (iv)...
(i) Micelle formation by soap in aqueous solution is possible at all temperatures. (ii) Micelle formation by soap in aqueous solution occurs above a particular concentration. (iii) On dilution of...
(i) Absorption (ii) Adsorption (iii) Coagulation (iv) Emulsification Correct Answer: (ii) Adsorption Explanation: Adsorption is the process that can be applied to this...
(i) Electron capture by sol particles. (ii) Adsorption of ionic species from solution. (iii) Formation of Helmholtz electrical double layer. (iv) Absorption of ionic species from solution. ...
Correct Answer: Option (iii) Explanation: According to the Freundlich adsorption isotherm, the option (iii) represents the proper graph.
(i) Emulsification (ii) Colloid formation (iii) Coagulation (iv) Peptisation Correct Answer: (iii) Coagulation Explanation: The Coagulation is responsible for the formation of the delta at a...
(i) a → b → c → d → e (ii) a → c → b → d → e (iii) a → c → b → e → d (iv) a → b → c → e → d Correct Answer: (ii) a → c → b → d → e Explanation: According to the modern adsorption theory, the...
(i) exhibit an enormous surface area. (ii) remain suspended in the dispersion medium. (iii) form lyophilic colloids. (iv) are comparatively less in number Correct Answer: (iv) are...
(i) solid sol (ii) gel (iii) emulsion (iv) sol Correct Answer: (iv) sol Explanation: A colloidal system having a solid substance as a dispersed phase and a liquid as a dispersion medium is...
(i) Na2S (ii) Na3PO4 (iii) Na2SO4 (iv) NaCl Correct Answer: (ii) Na3PO4 Explanation: Na3PO4 is the electrolyte that has maximum coagulating value for AgI/Ag+ sol.
(i) coagulation (ii) electrolysis (iii) diffusion (iv) peptisation Correct Answer: (iv) peptisation Explanation: Freshly prepared precipitate sometimes gets converted to colloidal solution by...
(i) By the addition of oppositely charged sol. (ii) By the addition of an electrolyte. (iii) By the addition of lyophilic sol. (iv) By boiling. Correct Answer: (iii) By the addition of...
(i) An aqueous solution of soap below critical micelle concentration. (ii) An aqueous solution of soap above critical micelle concentration. (iii) An aqueous solution of sodium chloride. (iv) An...
(i) molecular colloid (ii) associated colloid (iii) macromolecular colloid (iv) lyophilic colloid Correct Answer: (ii) associated colloid Explanation: At high concentration of soap in water,...
(a) 2SO2(g) + O2(g)→ [NO(g)] 2SO3(g) (b) 2SO2(g) → [Pt(s)] 2SO3(g) (c) N2(g) + 3H2(g) → [Fe(s)] 2NH3(g) (d) CH3COOCH3(l) + H2O (l) → [HCl(l)] CH3COOH (aq) + CH3OH (aq) Correct Answer: (a)...
Gas Critical temo./K CO2304 SO2630 CH4190 H233 (i) CO2 (ii) SO2 (iii) CH4 (iv) H2 Correct Answer: (iv) H2 Explanation: H2 is the gas that shows the least adsorption on a definite amount of...
(i) Water on silica gel (ii) Water on calcium chloride (iii) Hydrogen on finely divided nickel (iv) Oxygen on the metal surface Correct Answer: (ii) Water on calcium chloride Explanation:...
(i) involved van der Waals forces are universal. (ii) gases involved behave like ideal gases. (iii) enthalpy of adsorption is low. (iv) it is a reversible process. Correct Answer: (i)...
(i) decrease in temperature (ii) increase in temperature (iii) increase in surface area of the adsorbent (iv) the decrease in surface area of the adsorbent Correct Answer: (ii) increase in...
(i) high pressure (ii) negative ∆H (iii) the higher critical temperature of adsorbate (iv) high temperature Correct Answer: (iv) high temperature Explanation: The high temperature is not a...
(i) ∆H > 0 (ii) ∆G < 0 (iii) ∆S < 0 (iv) ∆H < 0 Correct Answer: (i) ∆H > 0 Explanation: ∆H > 0 is not applicable to the phenomenon of adsorption.
(i) increase in the amount of adsorbate in solution. (ii) the decrease in surface area of the adsorbent. (iii) increase in temperature of the solution. (iv) the decrease in the amount of adsorbate...
(i) increase in temperature. (ii) the decrease in temperature. (iii) the decrease in surface area of the adsorbent. (iv) the decrease in strength of van der Waals forces. Correct Answer: (ii)...
(i) absorption (ii) adsorption (iii) both absorption and adsorption (iv) desorption Correct Answer: (iii) both absorption and adsorption Explanation: SORPTION - Both absorption and...
(i) liquid-liquid (ii) solid-liquid (iii) liquid-gas (iv) gas-gas Correct Answer:(iv) gas-gas Explanation: The gas-gas interface cannot be obtained.
(i) ∆H > 0 (ii) ∆H = T∆S (iii) ∆H > T∆S (iv) ∆H < T∆S Correct Answer: (ii) ∆H = T∆S Explanation: At the equilibrium position in the process of adsorption, ∆H =...
(i) crystallisation (ii) heterogeneous catalysis (iii) homogeneous catalysis (iv) corrosion Correct Answer: (iii) homogeneous catalysis Explanation: The homogeneous catalysis do not occur in...
We heat the oxalic acid solution because without heat it is a slow process as much more energy than the activation power needed to react. Therefore to increase energy, the temperature should be...
Zero molecularity means that there is no reactant, therefore the reaction will not be possible. So if there is a reaction then its molecularity will be greater than the zero.
Molecularity works only in the elementary reaction as it is a single reaction and the rate depends on the concentration of each molecule. And in the case of complex reactions there are many...
Order of a reaction is involved in a reaction. In complex reactions, rate and order of the reaction depend on the slow reaction, so in such cases, the order does not depend entirely on the balanced...
The thermodynamic feasibility of reaction alone cannot determine the rate of reaction because in order for a reaction to occur it is important that the molecules have a greater potential than the...
The reaction rate decreases because the reactants will continue to be converted into products. The reaction rate always depends on the concentration of the reactants.
For a response to have more than three molecules, the correct position is not possible which makes this reaction unusual. Thus the probability of colliding more than three molecules at the same time...
Oxygen is found in the air but fuels do not burn themselves at room temperature because reactants must have a small amount of energy to form the products which is known as activation energy.
The reaction rate increases with increasing temperature because at higher temperatures the friction of the colliding particles across the energy barrier will be larger. So the rate is also faster.
According to Maxwell Boltzmann's energy distribution curve, where the temperature T + 10 degree Celsius then the collision of molecular energy efficiency increases which leads to product formation....
(i) What is the order of the reaction? (ii) What is the slope of the curve? (iii) What are the units of the rate constant? Answers: (i) Zero-order reaction is the order of reaction. (ii)...
The molecularity of any reaction is the number of reactions involved in the basic reaction. Zero molecularity means that there is no reactant so reaction does not occur. Thus molecularity cannot be...
The two most important responses that occur according to the collision theory are that the energy is greater than the activation energy and the correct position of the reactant molecules during a...
In an elementary reaction both the molecularity and order must be same. So, the given reaction is not an elementary reaction as the order of the given reaction is different.
Let us take a reaction, R → P t=0 R = Reactant P = Product Rate = k[R]0 t=t –dR/dt = k , dR =-kdt Integrate on both the sides, ʃDr = -k ʃdt [R] = -kt + I If, t = 0 [R]= [R0] Then, I= R0 [R] = [R0]–...
Let us take the rate of a reaction, Rate = k[A]α Multiplying the rate into twenty seven, 27 ˟ Rate = k[A]α Dividing the equations, α = 3 Hence, Order of the reaction = 3
The type of reaction that have the same value of order and molecularity is the elementary reaction. This type of reaction happens in only one step.
Rate law of a reaction can be determined by the formula, Rate = k[NO]2[O2]1 The rate law can be measured by the reaction rate as the initial concentration activity by keeping the concentration of...
Rate Equation of the reaction: k[A]0[B]0 The concentration capacity of the reactants will be equal to zero. In the zero-order reaction, the rate constant and rate of the reaction is the same....
Condition: A situation in which the order of a chemical reaction can be converted under it by taking a solvent or reactant at an exorbitant rate because its concentration does not change much. Let...
(i) only one reacting species is involved in the rate-determining step. (ii) the order and the molecularity of the slowest step are equal to one. (iii) the molecularity of the reaction is one and...
(i) order of an overall reaction is the same as molecularity of the slowest step. (ii) order of an overall reaction is less than the molecularity of the slowest step. (iii) order of an overall...
Which of the following options are correct for this reaction? (i) Rate of reaction = Rate constant (ii) Rate of the reaction depends on the concentration of ammonia. (iii) Rate of decomposition of...
(i) energy is always released (ii) energy is always absorbed (iii) energy does not change (iv) reactants may be formed Correct Answers: (i) energy is always released (iv) reactants may be...
(i) the fraction of molecules with most probable kinetic energy decreases at higher temperatures. (ii) the fraction of molecules with most probable kinetic energy increases at higher temperatures....
(i) the area under the curve must not change with an increase in temperature. (ii) the area under the curve increases with increase in temperature. (iii) the area under the curve decreases with...
(i) Rate of a reaction increases with increase in temperature. (ii) Rate of a reaction increases with a decrease in activation energy. (iii) Rate constant decreases exponentially with an increase in...
(i) Catalyst provides an alternative pathway to a reaction mechanism. (ii) Catalyst raises the activation energy. (iii) A catalyst lowers the activation energy. (iv) Catalyst alters enthalpy change...
Correct Answers: Option (ii) Option (iv) Explanation: The graphs (ii) and (iv) represents a proper zero-order reaction.
Correct Answers: Option (i) Option (iv) Explanation: The graphs (i) and (iv) represents a proper first-order reaction.
The concentration of either ‘A’ or ‘B’ was changed keeping the concentrations of one of the reactants constant and rates were measured as a function of initial concentration. Following results were...
(i) It catalyses the forward and backward reaction to the same extent. (ii) It alters ∆G of the reaction. (iii) It is a substance that does not change the equilibrium constant of a reaction. (iv) It...
(i) depends on the concentration of reactants present in a small amount. (ii) depends on the concentration of reactants present in excess. (iii) is independent of the concentration of reactants....
Correct Answer: Option (ii) Explanation: The graph in the option (ii) describes the change in concentration of reactants and products with time.
(i) the reverse reaction is involved. (ii) it is an elementary reaction. (iii) it is a sequence of elementary reactions. (iv) any of the reactants is in excess Correct Answers: (i) the...
(i) Order is the same as molecularity. (ii) Order is less than the molecularity. (iii) Order is greater than the molecularity. (iv) Molecularity can never be zero. Correct Answers: (i) Order...
(i) 1.26 × 1015 s (ii) 2.52 × 1014 s (iii) 2.52 × 1028 s (iv) infinite Correct Answer: (iv) infinite Explanation: The time taken for the 100% completion of the reaction is...
(i) It considers reacting molecules or atoms to be hard spheres and ignores their structural features. (ii) A number of effective collisions determine the rate of reaction. (iii) The collision of...
(i) the same (ii) doubled (iii) quadrupled (iv) halved Correct Answer: (i) the same Explanation: For the given rate law of the reaction, if the concentration of reactant ‘B’ is doubled,...
(i) (a) only (ii) (b) only (iii) (c) only (iv) (a) and (b) Correct Answer: (i) (a) only Explanation: The graph (a) represents the exothermic reaction.
Correct Answer: Option (iii) Explanation: The third option shows the correct expression for the rate of the reaction.
(i) The rate of a reaction decreases over time as the concentration of reactants decreases. (ii) The rate of a reaction is the same at any time during the reaction. (iii) The rate of a reaction is...
(i) V5-V2/50-30 (ii) V4-V2/50-30 (iii) V3-V2/40-30 (iv) V3-V1/40-20 Correct Answer: (i) V5-V2/50-30 Explanation: V5-V2/50-30 do not show instantaneous rate of reaction at 40th...
(i) The order of a reaction can be a fractional number. (ii) Order of a reaction is experimentally determined quantity. (iii) The order of a reaction is always equal to the sum of the stoichiometric...
(i) Average rate up to 40s is V3-V2/40 (ii) Average rate up to 40s is V3-V2/40-30 (iii) Average rate up to 40 seconds is V3/40 (iv) Average rate up to 40 seconds is V3-V1/40-20 Correct...
(i) Rate constant increases exponentially with increasing activation energy and decreasing temperature. (ii) Rate constant decreases exponentially with increasing activation energy and decreasing...
Correct Answer: Option (i) Explanation: According to Arrhenius equation, the graph represented in the first option is a straight line with negative slope.
The initial pressure of the system before decomposition of A was pi. After lapse of time ‘t’, total pressure of the system increased by x units and became ‘pt The rate constant k for the reaction is...
(i) The activation energy of forwarding reaction is E1 + E2 and the product is less stable than reactant. (ii) The activation energy of forwarding reaction is E1+E2and product is more stable than...
(i) determining the rate constant at standard temperature. (ii) determining the rate constants at two temperatures. (iii) determining the probability of collision. (iv) using catalyst. ...
(i) increases. (ii) decreases. (iii) remains unchanged. (iv) may increase or decrease. Correct Answer: (iii) remains unchanged Explanation: The enthalpy change of the reaction will not be...
(i) gibbs energy of reaction. (ii) enthalpy of reaction. (iii) activation energy of reaction. (iv) equilibrium constant. Correct Answer: (iii) activation energy of reaction Explanation: The...
Zinc leaves behind the electrons on Electrode A during the reaction giving a negative charged whereas the Copper deposits on the Electrode B with positive charge. The polarity of electrode A...
The concentration of ions is kept constant with the alternating current whereas the concentration of ion changes a lot in the direct current. So, the alternating current is used for measuring the...
If the opposing potential is equal to electrical potential, then the cell reaction and the current flow through the cell will be stopped leading to no chemical reaction.
Reaction on Cathode - H2O(l ) + e–→ 1/2 H2(g) + OH– (aq) Reaction on Anode - Cl– (aq) → 1/2 Cl2(g) + e– Complete Reaction: NaCl(aq)+H2O(l)→NaOH(aq)+H2(g)+Cl2(g) NaOH turns the brine solution basic...
The electrolyte is not consumed in the cell and so the current gets delivered at a constant potential till the end. The reaction contains no ions whose concentration can change over time. Thus, the...
Electrolyte B - strong electrolyte During dilution the number of ions remains the same and the interionic attraction decreases. Thus, the increase in Λm is small.
Reaction on Anode - 2H2O(l)→ O2(g) + 4H+ (aq) + 4e– Reaction on Cathode - 4H+ + 4e-→ 2H2 Complete Reaction: 2H2O(l) → O2(g) + 2H2(g) The pH will not be affected and stays the same.
In an aqueous solution, when water is added the electrolyte gets diluted thus leading to the decrease in the specific conductivity of the electrolytes.
The reference electrode which is used to measure the electrode potential of other electrodes is the Standard hydrogen electrode (SHE) which has a value of zero.
Reaction in Anode: Oxidation half-cell Cu(s) → Cu2+ + 2e- Reaction in Cathode: Reduction half-cell Cl2(g)+ 2e-→ 2Cl- Hence, the anode Cu gets oxidised in this cell reaction.
Nernst Equation: Ecell = E°cell – RT[Zn2+]/ nF[Cu2+] Galvanic cell reaction: Zn(s)|Zn2+(aq)||Cu2+(aq)|Cu(s) Reaction in Anode: oxidation half-cell Zn(s) → Zn2+ (aq)+ 2e Reaction in Cathode:...
Advantages of Fuel cells: 1.Fuel cells can convert the energy of combustion of fuels like hydrogen, methanol into electrical energy. 2.Fuel cells can run continuously as long as reactants are...
While discharging the battery, the water dilutes the concentration of the dilute sulphuric acid which leads to a decrease in the density of the solution. Reaction Involved: Pb(s)+PbO2(s)+2H2SO4(aq)→...
Weak Electrolyte: CH3COOH Strong Electrolyte: CH3COONa . When diluted, the dissociation degree increases, and the number of ions present also increases which leads to the drastic increase of CH3COOH...
Electrode potential is the potential difference which is developed between the electrode and the electrolyte.
The oxidation of water to oxygen is kinetically not good and requires a lot of energy which is said to have more energy. What can be very powerful is the excess energy needed to drive the reaction...
W = itE/96500 W = 1×10×60×31.75/96500 Equivalent mass of Cu2+ and Ag+ is different so that the mass of copper and silver deposited will not be same.
The disadvantage is that hydrogen gas is much more stable than reduced species. Here, the reduced form (Zn) is unstable. It is difficult to reduce Zn2 + to Zn. Therefore, distortion is more likely...
Electrolysis happens when a redox reaction happens. On equilibrium, the cell is completely depleted, and the cell's energy drops to zero. ∆rG= -nF E cell =0
A cell of E ° or G G ° cannot be equal to zero. The only standard electrode power is randomly assigned is the standard hydrogen electrode (SHE). As everything else is measured in relation to SHE;...
No. It cannot be measured. We can only estimate the electrode power difference between two and a half cells. We can also estimate the potential electrode differences associated with a standard...
(i) Mg is cathode (ii) Cu is cathode (iii) The cell reaction is Mg + Cu2+ → Mg2+ + Cu (iv) Cu is the oxidising agent Correct Answers: (ii) Cu is cathode (iii) The cell reaction is Mg + Cu2+ →...
(i) temperature. (ii) distance between electrodes. (iii) the concentration of electrolytes in solution. (iv) the surface area of electrodes. Correct Answers: (i) temperature. (iii) the...
(i) 1/R l/A (ii) G*/R (iii) ˄m (iv) l/A Correct Answers: (i) 1/R l/A (ii) G*/R Explanation: Conductivity κ , is equal to 1/R l/A & G*/R
(i) Copper will deposit at the cathode. (ii) Copper will dissolve at the anode. (iii) Oxygen will be released at anode. (iv) Copper will deposit at the anode. Correct Answers: (i) Copper will...
(i) Copper will deposit at the cathode. (ii) Copper will deposit at the anode. (iii) Oxygen will be released at anode. (iv) Copper will dissolve at the anode Correct Answers: (i) Copper will...
(i) ˄0m(HCl) + ˄0m(NaOHl) – ˄0m(NaCl) (ii) ˄0m(HNO3) + ˄0m(NaNO3) – ˄0m(NaOH) (iii) ˄0m(HNO3) + ˄0m(NaOH) – ˄0m(NaNO3) (iv) ˄0m(NH4OH) + ˄0m(HCl) – ˄0m(NH4Cl) Correct Answers: (i) ˄0m(HCl) +...
(i) nature of electrolyte. (ii) the concentration of electrolyte. (iii) power of AC source. (iv) distance between the electrodes. Correct Answers: (i) nature of electrolyte. (ii) the...
(i) 1.1 = Kc (ii) 2.303RT/2F logKc = 1.1 (iii) log Kc = 2.2/0.059 (iv) log Kc = 1.1 Correct Answers: (ii) 2.303RT/2F logKc = 1.1 (iii) log Kc = 2.2/0.059
(a) H+(aq) + e– →1/2H2(g) ; E°cell = 0.00V (b) 2H2O (l) → O2 (g) + 4H+(aq) + 4e–: E°cell = 1.23V (c) 2SO42– (aq) → S2O82– (aq) + 2e– ; E°cell = 1.96V (i) In dilute sulphuric acid solution, hydrogen...
(i) this redox couple is a stronger reducing agent than the H+/H2 couple. (ii) this redox couple is a stronger oxidising agent than H+/H2. (iii) Cu can displace H2 from acid. (iv) Cu cannot displace...
(i) Na+(aq) + e– → Na (s); E°Cell = –2.71V (ii) 2H2O (l) → O2(g) + 4H+(aq) + 4e– : E°Cell = 1.23V (iii) H+(aq) + e–→1/2H2 (g); E°Cell = 0.00V (iv) Cl–(aq) →1/2Cl2(g) + e– ; E°Cell = 1.36V ...
(i) ˄0m(NH4OH) + ˄0m(NH4Cl) – ˄0(HCl) (ii) ˄0m(NH4Cl) + ˄0m(NaOH) – ˄0(NaCl) (iii) ˄0m(NH4Cl) + ˄0m(NaCl) – ˄0(NaOH) (iv) ˄0m(NaOH) + ˄0m(NaCl) – ˄0(NH4Cl) Correct Answer: (ii) ˄0m(NH4Cl) +...
(i) PbSO4 anode is reduced to Pb (ii) PbSO4 cathode is reduced to Pb (iii) PbSO4 cathode is oxidised to Pb (iv) PbSO4 anode is oxidised to PbO2 Correct Answer: (i) PbSO4 anode is reduced to...
(i) changes with the change of electrolyte. (ii) changes with the change of concentration of electrolyte. (iii) changes with the temperature of the electrolyte. (iv) remains constant for a cell....
(i) 1F (ii) 6F (iii) 3F (iv) 2F Correct Answer: (iii) 3F Explanation: 3F of charge is required to obtain 1 mole of Al from the Al2O3
(i) Cr3+ (ii) MnO4– (iii) Cr2O72– (iv) Mn2+ Correct Answer: (i) Cr3+ Explanation: Cr3+ is the most stable oxidised species when compared to the rest of the options.
(i) Cl– (ii) Cr3+ (iii) Cr (iv) Mn2+ Correct Answer: (iv) Mn2+ Explanation: Mn2+ in its reduced form is observed to be more stable.
(i) Cr3+ < Cl–< Mn2+ < Cr (ii) Mn2+ < Cl–< Cr3+ < Cr (iii) Cr3+ < Cl–< Cr2O72– < MnO4– (iv) Mn2+ < Cr3+ < Cl–< Cr Correct Answer: (ii) Mn2+ < Cl–<...
(i) Cl– (ii) Mn2+ (iii) MnO4– (iv) Cr3+ Correct Answer: (iii) MnO4– Explanation: The higher the value of the normal reduction of the strength of the metal ion, the higher will be its...
EᶱCr2O72-/Cr3+ = 1.33V EᶱMnO4–/Mn2+ = 1.51V EᶱCl2/Cl– = 1.36V EᶱCr3+/Cr = -0.74V (i) Cl– (ii) Cr (iii) Cr3+ (iv) Mn Correct Answer: (ii) Cr Explanation: The most powerful reducing agent is...
(i) The conductivity of the solution depends upon the size of ions. (ii) Conductivity depends upon the viscosity of the solution. (iii) Conductivity does not depend upon solvation of ions present in...
(i) Ecell = 0 (ii) Ecell > Eext (iii) Eext > Ecell (iv) Ecell = Eext Correct Answer: (iii) Eext > Ecell
(i) It does not participate in the cell reaction. (ii) It provides surface either for oxidation or for the reduction reaction. (iii) It provides a surface for conduction of electrons. (iv) It...
(i) Cell potential (ii) Cell emf (iii) Potential difference (iv) Cell voltage Correct Answer: (ii) Cell emf Explanation: Electromotive force or e.m.f. is the power provided by the cell or...
(i) ECell and ∆rG of cell reaction both are extensive properties. (ii) ECell and ∆rG of cell reaction both are intensive properties. (iii) ECell is an intensive property while ∆rG of cell reaction...
Correct Answer: Option (ii)
(i) Pt (s) H2(g,0.1 bar) H+ (aq.,1 M) Cu2+(aq.,1M) Cu (ii) Pt(s) H2 (g, 1 bar) H+ (aq.,1 M) Cu2+ (aq.,2 M) Cu (iii) Pt(s) H2(g, 1 bar) H+ (aq.,1 M) Cu2+ (aq.,1 M) Cu (iv) Pt(s) H2 (g, 1 bar)...
Column I Column II (i) Mass percentage (a)Number of moles of the solute component/ The volume of solution in litres (ii) Volume percentage (b) Number of moles of a component/...
Column I Column II (i) Raoult’s law (a) ∆Tf= Kfm (ii) Henry’s law (b) Π = CRT (iii) Elevation of boiling point (c) p = x1P10+ X2P20 (iv) Depression in freezing point (d) ∆Tb= Kbm (v) Osmotic...
Column I Column II (i) Soda water (a) A solution of the gas in solid (ii) Sugar solution (b) A solution of the gas in gas (iii) German silver (c) A solution of...
Column I Column II (i) Saturated solution (a) Solution having the same osmotic pressure at a given temperature as that of the given solution. (ii) Binary solution (b) A solution whose...
Examples: Cellulose acetate Polyamides
Semi-permeable membrane is a membrane that allows only the movement of solvent molecules but not solute molecules. Examples: Cellulose acetate and phospholipid bilayer in biological cells.
Salt is an agent for de-icing and can be used to dissolve ice. If the freezing point is lowered the ice begins to melt. Thus, the addition of salt to ice reduces the freezing point from O ℃ drop.
An example of water and glucose can be taken to illustrate this. In water, the surface of this liquid will settle with water molecules. If we put glucose into it, some of these areas will be...
(i) At specific composition, methanol-acetone mixture will form minimum boiling azeotrope and will show positive deviation from Raoult’s law. (ii) At specific composition, methanol-acetone mixture...
(a) (i) The bend is a condition that occurs in scuba divers. They have to breathe air under high pressure under water. Nitrogen gas does not dissolve in normal pressure. Under water, they will...
Because of the availability of O2 and the presence of more solubility in the cold water makes the aquatic species feel more comfortable when present in the cold water.
Significance of Henry’s Law constant KH: Henry's law states that in the solution, "the pressure in the gas component at the vapor fraction (p) is equal to the fraction of the gas molecule (x) in...
Any change in the temperature causes a change in the volume, so it changes the molarity of the solution. Therefore, terms such as high percentage, ppm, mole fraction, and molality of a solution are...
"Like dissolves like" term is used when the solvent dissolves in the solvent if its interactions between molecules are the same. This is because polar solutions can be dissolved in polar solvents...
Adding 1 mol of NaCl to 1 liter of water, a point of boiling water rises, while the addition of 1 mol of methyl alcohol to one liter of water reduces its boiling point because when added to a stable...
An azeotropic mixture is shown when both the liquids A & B starts coming in the distillate and the vapour and liquid phase will have the same composition. Via distillation an azeotropic mixture...
(i) a non-volatile solid is dissolved in a volatile liquid. (ii) a non-volatile liquid is dissolved in another volatile liquid. (iii) a gas is dissolved in non-volatile liquid. (iv) a volatile...
Correct Answers: Option (ii) Option (iv) Explanation: For the binary solution, the difference in vapor pressure versus the composition of the solution is given in graphs B and D where, the...
(i) solute and solvent both are same. (ii) osmotic pressure is the same. (iii) solute and solvent may or may not be same. (iv) a solute is always the same solvent may be different. Correct...
(i) Benzene – Toluene (ii) Water-Nitric acid (iii) Water-Ethanol (iv) n-Hexane – n-Heptane Correct Answers: (ii) Water-Nitric acid (iii) Water-Ethanol Explanation: In a particular...
(i) solute (ii) density (iii) elevation in boiling point (iv) depression in freezing point Correct Answers: (iii) elevation in boiling point (iv) depression in freezing point Explanation:...
(i) i = Normal molar mass/Abnormal molar mass (ii) i = Abnormal molar mass/ Normal molar mass (iii) i= Observed colligative property/calculated colligative property (iv) i = Calculated colligative...
(i) It depends on the concentration of a non-electrolyte solute in a solution and does not depend on the nature of the solute molecules. (ii) It depends on a number of particles of electrolyte...
(i) ∆mix H = zero (ii) ∆mix V = zero (iii) These will form a minimum boiling azeotrope. (iv) These will not form the ideal solution. Correct Answers: (iii) These will form a minimum boiling...
(i) (a) and (c) at constant T (ii) (a) and (b) at constant P (iii) (b) and (c) only (iv) (c) only Correct Answers: (i) (a) and (c) at constant T (ii) (a) and (b) at constant P Explanation: At...
(i) HCHO < CH4< CO2 < Ar (ii) HCHO < CO2< CH4< Ar (iii) Ar < CO2< CH4< HCHO (iv) Ar < CH4 < CO2 < HCHO Correct Answer: (iii) Ar < CO2< CH4< HCHO...
(i) 0.004 (ii) 0.008 (iii) 0.012 (iv) 0.016 Correct Answer: (iv) 0.016 Explanation: Let us take, M1 and V1 - molarity and volume of the given solution. M2 and V2 - molarity and volume of...
(i) A–B interactions are stronger than those between A–A or B–B. (ii) vapour pressure of solution increases because more number of molecules of liquids A and B can escape from the solution. (iii)...
(i) the vapour pressure in container (A) is more than that in a container (B). (ii) the vapour pressure in container (A) is less than that in the container (B). (iii) vapour pressure is equal in...
(A) In bromoethane and chloroethane mixture intermolecular interactions of A–A and B–B type are nearly the same as A–B type interactions. (B) In ethanol and acetone mixture A–A or B–B type...
(i) iA< iB< iC (ii) iA> iB> iC (iii) iA= iB= iC (iv) iA<iB> iC Correct Answer: (iii) iA= iB= iC
(i) water will move from the side (A) to side (B) if a pressure lower than the osmotic pressure is applied on piston (B). (ii) water will move from the side (B) to side (A) if a pressure greater...
(i) greater for gases with higher solubility. (ii) greater for gases with lower solubility. (iii) constant for all gases. (iv) not related to the solubility of gases Correct Answer: (ii)...
(i) increases with increase in temperature. (ii) decreases with increase in temperature. (iii) remains constant. (iv) first increases then decrease. Correct Answer: (i) increases with...
(i) Units of atmospheric pressure and osmotic pressure are the same. (ii) In reverse osmosis, solvent molecules move through a semipermeable membrane from a region of lower concentration of solute...
(i) 2, 2 and 2 (ii) 2, 2 and 3 (iii) 1, 1 and 2 (iv) 1, 1 and 1 Correct Answer: (ii) 2, 2 and 3 Explanation: The values of van't Hoff factors for KCl,...
(i) Two different solutions of sucrose of the same molality prepared in different solvents will have the same depression in freezing point. (ii) The osmotic pressure of a solution is given by the...
(i) is higher than that at a dilute solution. (ii) is lower than that of a dilute solution. (iii) is same as that of a dilute solution. (iv) cannot be compared with an osmotic pressure of a dilute...
(i) it gains water due to osmosis. (ii) it loses water due to reverse osmosis. (iii) it gains water due to reverse osmosis. (iv) it loses water due to osmosis. Correct Answer: (iv) it loses...
(i) the same (ii) about twice (iii) about three times (iv) about six times Correct Answer: (iii) about three times Explanation: The depression in freezing point of a 0.01M MgCl2 solution is...
(i) K kg mol-1 or K (molality)-1 (ii) mol kg K-1 or K-1(molality) (iii) kg mol-1 K-1 or K-1(molality)-1 (iv) K mol kg-1 or K (molality) Correct Answer: (i) K kg mol-1 or K (molality)-1...
(i) 1.0 M NaOH (ii) 1.0 M Na2SO4 (iii) 1.0 M NH4NO3 (iv) 1.0 M KNO3 Correct Answer: (ii) 1.0 M Na2SO4 Explanation: Given that a large amount of van's Hoff will increase the boiling point of...
(i) the nature of the solute particles dissolved in solution. (ii) the number of solute particles in solution. (iii) the physical properties of the solute particles dissolved in solution. (iv) the...
(i) Methanol and acetone. (ii) Chloroform and acetone. (iii) Nitric acid and water. (iv) Phenol and aniline. Correct Answer: (i) Methanol and acetone Explanation: The mixture of methanol and...
(i) low temperature (ii) low atmospheric pressure (iii) high atmospheric pressure (iv) both low temperature and high atmospheric pressure Correct Answer: (ii) low atmospheric pressure...
(i) Temperature (ii) Nature of solute (iii) Pressure (iv) Nature of solvent Correct Answer: (iii) Pressure Explanation: Changes in pressure do not affect the solubility of solids and the...
(i) saturated (ii) supersaturated (iii) unsaturated (iv) concentrated Correct Answer: (ii) supersaturated Explanation: Most of the substance does not dissolve when we add more solute will not...
(i) less than the rate of crystallisation (ii) greater than the rate of crystallisation (iii) equal to the rate of crystallisation (iv) zero Correct Answer: (iii) equal to the rate of...
(i) Sugar crystals in cold water. (ii) Sugar crystals in hot water. (iii) Powdered sugar in cold water. (iv) Powdered sugar in hot water. Correct Answer: (iv) Powdered sugar in hot water...
(i) mole fraction (ii) parts per million (iii) mass percentage (iv) molality Correct Answer: (i) mole fraction Explanation: According to Raoult's law, the reduction associated with vapor...
Solution: Thallium and boron have a place with bunch 13 of the intermittent table and +1 oxidation state turns out to be more steady as we drop down the gathering. Boron is more steady than thallium...
(i) Valence band overlaps with conduction band. (ii) The gap between the valence band and the conduction band is negligible. (iii) The gap between the valence band and the conduction band cannot be...
(i) The electron will move towards the positively charged plate through electron holes. (ii) Holes will appear to be moving towards the negatively charged plate. (iii) Both electrons and holes...
(i) Silicon doped with an electron-rich impurity is a p-type semiconductor. (ii) Silicon doped with an electron-rich impurity is an n-type semiconductor. (iii) Delocalised electrons increase the...
(i) some of the anionic sites are occupied by an unpaired electron. (ii) some of the anionic sites are occupied by a pair of electrons. (iii) there are vacancies at some anionic sites. (iv)...
(i) 4 (ii) 8 (iii) twice the number of octahedral voids. (iv) four times the number of octahedral voids. Correct Answers: (ii) 8 (iii) twice the number of octahedral voids....
(i) pseudo solids (ii) true solids (iii) supercooled liquids (iv) supercooled solids Correct Answers: (i) pseudo solids (iii) supercooled liquids Explanation: The formation of...
Correct Answers: Option (i) Option (iii) Explanation: N-type semiconductors are prepared by inserting a complete silicon crystal (Si) with pentavalent elements of group 15 like P and As. Some...
(i) Ferrimagnetic substances lose ferrimagnetism on heating and become paramagnetic. (ii) Ferrimagnetic substances do not lose ferrimagnetism on heating and remain ferrimagnetic. (iii)...
(i) This is a crystalline solid. (ii) Refractive index is the same in all the directions. (iii) This has a definite heat of fusion. (iv) This is also called supercooled liquid. Correct...
(i) SiC (Silicon carbide) (ii) AlN (iii) Diamond (iv) I2 Correct Answers: (i) SiC (Silicon carbide) (ii) AlN (iii) Diamond Explanation: SiC, AIN and Diamond have three-dimensional...
(i) hcp (ii) bcc (iii) simple cubic (iv) fcc Correct Answers: (i) hcp (iv) fcc Explanation: In hep and fcc arrangement, octahedral voids are formed. Charging, octahedral voids are...
(i) stoichiometric defect (ii) dislocation defect (iii) impurity defect (iv) non-stoichiometric defect Correct Answers: (i) stoichiometric defect (ii) dislocation defect Explanation:...
(i) Interstitial defect (ii) Vacancy defect (iii) Frankel defect (iv) Schottky defect Correct Answers: (ii) Vacancy defect (iv) Schottky defect Explanation: The Schottky and vacancy...
Liquids and gases can flow, and the molecules present in these two can move fast from one to another and therefore both the liquids and gases are separated as fluids.
The crystallization process will speed up so that the particles do not get enough time to set in perfect order. Therefore, crystals have a long particle structure but are incomplete.