(i) is a, b and d (ii) is b (iii) is b (iv) are c and d
Match the ions given in Column I with their nature-given in Column II.
read more
Exercise 1
Match Column I with Column II.
(i) is c (ii) is e (iii) is a (iv) is b (v) is d
Match the terms mentioned in Column I with the terms in Column II.
(i) is c (ii) is f (iii) is b (iv) is a (v) is d (vi) is e
Match the type of mixture of compounds in Column I with the technique of separation/purification given in Column II.
(i) is e (ii) is d (iii) is a (iv) is b (v) is c
Which of the two structures (A) and (B) given below is more stabilised by resonance? Explain. (A) CH3COOH (B) CH3COO-
Compound A's two resonant structures are not equal, but compound B, which has a negative charge on the oxygen atom, has two equivalent structures, making it more stable.
By mistake, an alcohol (boiling point 97°C) was mixed with a hydrocarbon (boiling point 68°C). Suggest a suitable method to separate the two compounds. Explain the reason for your choice.
Steam distillation can be used to separate the mixture. The boiling points of alcohol and hydrocarbon are almost same. Steam distillation is used to purify temperature-sensitive materials in...
Resonance structures of propenal are given below. Which of these resonating structures is more stable? Give a reason for your answer.
Because all of the atoms in structure I have a complete octet, while the carbon atom with a positive charge does not have a complete octet in structure II, structure I will be more stable.
Why does SO3 act as an electrophile?
Because oxygen is more electronegative than sulphur, the electron density at S in SO3 is lower, requiring more electrons to suppress the partial positive charge, making it an electrophile.
Which of the following compounds will not exist as a resonance hybrid. Give the reason for your answer:
Conjugation is only feasible when an atom possesses any of the double bond's charge or alternate positions. Because of this, CH3OH will not exist as a resonance hybrid here.
Give three points of differences between the inductive effect and resonance effect.
1. In the inductive effect, the electron is only sent through the sigma bond, but in the resonance effect, the electron is transmitted through both the sigma and pi bonds. 2. It is feasible when the...
Identify the most stable species in the following set of ions giving reasons:
(i) Because the bromine atom destabilises the positive charge on a carbon atom, C+H3 will be more stable. Bromine possesses a lone pair of electrons and is an electron-withdrawing group. (ii) CCl3...
Draw the resonance structures of the following compounds.
Write structural formulae for compounds named as- (a) 1-Bromoheptane (b) 5-Bromoheptanoic acid
Name the compounds whose line formulae are given below:
(i)The compound's name is 3-ethyl-4-methyl-5-heptane-2-one. (ii) The chemical is called 1-nitro-cyclohexane-2-ene.
Three students, Manish, Ramesh and Rajni were determining the extra elements present in an organic compound given by their teacher. They prepared the Lassaigne’s extract (L.E.) independently by the fusion of the compound with sodium metal. Then they added solid FeSO4 and dilute sulphuric acid to a part of Lassaigne’s extract. Manish and Rajni obtained Prussian blue colour but Ramesh got a red colour. Ramesh repeated the test with the same Lassaigne’s extract but again got red colour only. They were surprised and went to their teacher and told him about their observation. A teacher asked them to think over the reason for this. Can you help them by giving the reason for this observation? Also, write the chemical equations to explain the formation of compounds of different colours
3NaCNS + FeSO4 + dilute sulphuric→ Fe(CNS)3 (Blood red colour) + 3Na+ Ramesh's organic molecule has both Nitrogen and Sulphur, resulting in the Blood-red colour of Fe(CNS)3, whereas Manish and...
Write structures of various carbocation that can be obtained from 2-methyl butane. Arrange these carbocations in order of increasing stability.
The following is the stability order: (III) > (II) > (I) > IV This is due to the fact that (III) is a tertiary carbocation, (II) is a secondary carbocation, and (I) and (IV) are primary...
The structure of triphenylmethylcation is given below. This is very stable and some of its salts can be stored for months. Explain the cause of the high stability of this cation.
Triphenylcarbocation is a tertiary carbocation with a positive charge on the carbon atom that is stabilised by resonance thanks to the three phenyl groups. The stability of the system improves as a...
Which of the following ions is more stable? Use resonance to explain your answer.
Inductive effect, hyperconjugation, resonance, and other factors influence the stability of carbocation. Because structure A has a carbocation that is both primary and allylic, whereas...
Draw the possible resonance structures for and predict which of the structures is more stable. Give the reason for your answer.
Structure C is more stable than structure A because all atoms' octets are complete in structure C, but in structure A, a C-atom with a positive charge does not have 8 electrons in its valence...
In DNA and RNA, the nitrogen atom is present in the ring system. Can the Kjeldahl method be used for the estimation of nitrogen present in these? Give reasons.
Because nitrogen cannot be transformed into ammonium sulphate at the conditions employed in the Kjeldahl technique, it cannot be used to estimate nitrogen levels in DNA and RNA. This test for DNA...
Which of the following selected chains is correct to name the given compound according to the IUPAC system.
a. The main(parent) chain should be the longest carbon chain feasible, including all carbons containing functional groups. With both functional groups in the main chain, the aforementioned option is...
Compounds with same molecular formula but differing in their structures are said to be structural isomers. What type of structural isomerism is shown by
The functional groups (thioether/sulphide) are the similar in both structures, but the atoms in the main chain are arranged differently. As a result, they can show chain isomerism.
Show the polarisation of carbon-magnesium bond in the following structure. CH3—CH2—CH2—CH2—Mg—X
CH3—CH2—CH2—δ-CH2—δ+Mg+ X- Because the electronegativity differential in the C-Mg bond is strongly polarised, carbon is more electronegative than magnesium. Because C is more electronegative, its...
Explain, how is the electronegativity of carbon atoms related to their state of hybridisation in an organic compound?
There are three forms of carbon hybridization in organic compounds: sp, sp2, and sp3. The electronegativity of carbon increases as the ‘s' character increases because ‘s' orbitals are closer to the...
What is the hybridisation of each carbon in H2C = C = CH2?
The terminal carbons are sp2 hybridised, forming three sigma bonds (two with H and one with C) and one pi bond (between carbons), whereas the middle carbon is sp hybridised (as it forms 2 sigma...
For testing halogens in an organic compound with AgNO3 solution, sodium extract (Lassaigne’s test) is acidified with dilute HNO3. What will happen if a student acidifies the extract with dilute H2 SO4 in place of dilute HNO3?
If dilute H2 SO4 is used, sodium sulphide and sodium cyanine are not destroyed, therefore the proper result will not be obtained if halides are present.
Identify the pairs of compounds that represent chain isomerism.
Chain isomerism is represented by the chemicals I and III, I and IV, II and III, II and IV, II and IV, V and VII, VI and VII. Chain isomerism refers to compounds that have the same chemical formula...
Identify the pairs of compounds that represent position isomerism.
Position isomerism is represented by the chemicals I and II, III and IV, V and VI. When the length of the parent chain and the functional group are the same but the position of the functional group...
Identify the pairs of compounds which are functional group isomers.
I and V, I and VI, I and VII, II and V, II and VI, II and VII, III and V, III and VI, III and VII, IV and V, IV and VI, IV and VII. Each ether in the listed seven compounds has an alcohol function...
Which of the above compounds form pairs of metamers?
Metamers V and VI form a pair. (Ethers' metamers) The chain length of compounds V and VI is the same, but the carbon arrangement around the oxygen atom differs.
Hyperconjugation involves delocalisation of ___________. (i) electrons of carbon-hydrogen σ bond of an alkyl group directly attached to an atom of the unsaturated system. (ii) electrons of carbon-hydrogen σ bond of alkyl group directly attached to the positively charged carbon atom. (iii) π-electrons of carbon-carbon bond (iv) lone pair of electrons
The correct answers are (i) and (ii).
A nucleophile is a species that should have (i) a pair of electrons to donate (ii) positive charge (iii) negative charge (iv) electron-deficient species
The correct answers are I and (iii).
Which of the following pairs are not functional group isomers? (i) II and III (ii) II and IV (iii) I and IV (iv) I and II
The correct answers are (i) and (iii).
Which of the following pairs are position isomers? (i) I and II (ii) II and III (iii) II and IV (iv) III and IV
Correct Option is (ii)
Electrophiles are electron seeking species. Which of the following groups contain only electrophiles? (i) BF3, NH3, H2O (ii) AlCl3, SO3 , + NO2 (iii) NO2+ , CH3+ , CH3 –C+ = O (iv) C2H-5, C2H5, CH5+
The correct answers are (ii) and (iii).
In which of the following representations given below spatial arrangement of group/ atom different from that given in structure ‘A’?
Option (i), (iii) and (iv) are the answers.
The addition of HCl to alkene proceeds in two steps. The first step is the attack of H+ ion C=C to a portion which can be shown as
Option II is the correct answer.
A covalent bond can undergo fission in two different ways. The correct representation involving heterolytic fission of CH3—Br is
Option (ii) is the correct answer.
Electrophilic addition reactions proceed in two steps. The first step involves the addition of an electrophile. Name the type of intermediate formed in the first step of the following addition reaction. H3 C—HC = CH2 + H+ →? (i) 2° Carbanion (ii) 1° Carbocation (iii) 2° Carbocation (iv) 1° Carbanion
Option III is the correct answer.
In which of the following compounds the carbon marked with an asterisk is expected to have the greatest positive charge? (i) *CH3—CH2—Cl (ii) *CH3—CH2—Mg+Cl– (iii) *CH3—CH2—Br (iv) *CH3—CH2—CH3
Option I is the correct answer.
Correct IUPAC name for is ___________.i) 2- ethyl-3-methylpentane (ii) 3,4- dimethylhexane (iii) 2-sec-butylbutane (iv) 2, 3-dimethylbutane
Option II is the correct answer.
What is the correct order of decreasing stability of the following cations?(i) II > I > III (ii) II > III > I (iii) III > I > II (iv) I > II > III
Option I is the correct answer.
The principle involved in paper chromatography is (i) Adsorption (ii) Partition (iii) Solubility (iv) Volatility
Option II is the correct answer.
The fragrance of flowers is due to the presence of some steam volatile organic compounds called essential oils. These are generally insoluble in water at room temperature but are miscible with water vapour in the vapour phase. A a suitable method for the extraction of these oils from the flowers is: (i) Distillation (ii) Crystallisation (iii) Distillation under reduced pressure (iv) Steam distillation
Option IV is the correct answer.
In which of the following, functional group isomerism is not possible? (i) Alcohols (ii) Aldehydes (iii) Alkyl halides (iv) Cyanides
Option (iii) is the correct answer.
The IUPAC name for(i) 1-Chloro-2-nitro-4-methylbenzene (ii) 1-Chloro-4-methyl-2-nitrobenzene (iii) 2-Chloro-1-nitro-5-methylbenzene (iv) m-Nitro-p-chlorotoluene
Option II is the correct answer.
The IUPAC name for is ________.(i) 1-hydroxypentane-1,4-dione (ii) 1,4-dioxopentanol (iii) 1-carboxybutan-3-one (iv) 4-oxopentanoic acidSolution:
Option IV is the correct answer.
Which of the following is the correct IUPAC name? (i) 3-Ethyl-4, 4-dimethylheptane (ii) 4,4-Dimethyl-3-ethylheptane (iii) 5-Ethyl-4, 4-dimethylheptane (iv) 4,4-Bis(methyl)-3-ethylheptane
Option I is the correct answer.