Lakhmir Singh

Fill in the following blanks with suitable words: c) The magnetic effect of a coil can be increased by increasing the number of ………, increasing the …….., or inserting an …. core.
d) If a coil is viewed from one end and the current flows in an anticlockwise direction, then this end is a pole.

Answer: (c) The magnetic effect of a coil can be increased by increasing the number of turns increasing the current or inserting an iron core. Explanation: The strength of an electromagnet can be...

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Fill in the following blanks with suitable words:
a) The lines of ….. round a straight current-carrying conductor are in the shape of …..
b) For a current-carrying solenoid, the magnetic field is like that of a ……..

Answer: a) The lines of magnetic field round a straight current-carrying conductor are in the shape of concentric circles. Explanation: b) For a current-carrying solenoid, the magnetic field is like...

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a) Define magnetic field lines. Describe an activity to draw a magnetic field line outside a bar magnet from one pole to another pole.
b) Explain why a freely suspended magnet always points in the north-south direction.

Answer: a) When the north magnetic pole moves, the magnetic field lines move. Magnetic field lines are also called magnetic force lines. Activity: Compass and bar magnet, please. Attach the bar...

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Fill in the following blanks with suitable words:
a) Magnetic field lines leave the …. Pole of a bar magnet and enters at its …..
b) The earth’s magnetic field is rather like that of a ….. magnet with its …. Pole in the northern hemisphere.

Answer: a) North and south b) Bar and south Explanation: A magnetic compass can trace a bar magnet's magnetic field lines. The compass can be moved from one bar magnet pole to another. In order to...

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a) What is long-sightedness? State the two causes of long-sightedness. With the help of ray diagram, show:
i) the eye defect long sightedness
ii) correction of long-sightedness using a lens
b) An eye has a near point distance of 0.72m. What sort of lens in spectacles would be needed to reduce the near point distance to 0.25m? Also, calculate the power of lens required. Is this eye long-sighted or short-sighted?
c) An eye has far point of 2m. What type of lens in spectacles would be needed to increase the far point to infinity? Also, calculate the power of lens required. Is this eye long-sighted or short-sighted?

a) Long sightedness is a vision problem in which a person can't see items that are far away yet can see objects that are close by. The two main reasons of long-sightedness are as follows: I The eye...

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a) What is short-sightedness? State the two causes of short-sightedness. With the help of ray diagram, show:
i) the eye defect short-sightedness
ii) correction of short-sightedness by using a lens
b) A person having short-sight cannot see objects clearly beyond a distance of 1.5m. What would be the nature and power of the corrective lens to restore proper vision?

a) Short sightedness is a vision problem in which a person has trouble seeing items that are maintained close by. The two main causes of nearsightedness are as follows: I An excessive curvature of...

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a) Explain the functions of the following parts of the eye:
a) cornea
b) iris
c) pupil
d) ciliary muscles
e) eye-lens
f) retina
g) optic nerve
b) If you walk from a dark room into sunlight and back again into dark room, how would your pupils alter in size? What makes this happen?
c) Explain why we cannot see our seats first when we enter a darkened cinema hall from bright light but gradually they become visible.

a) Cornea: The cornea is the front portion of an eye through which light enters. b) Iris: The iris regulates the quantity of light that enters the eye. c) Pupil: The pupil controls the amount of...

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a) Draw a simple diagram of the human eye and label clearly the cornea, iris, pupil, ciliary muscles, eye lens, retina, optic never, and blind spot.
b) Describe the working of the human eye with the help of the above diagram.
c) How does the eye adjust itself to deal with light of varying intensity?

b)working of human eye c)The iris changes the size of the pupil in response to changing light intensity. The iris contracts the pupil and decreases the quantity of light entering the eye when the...

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Fill in the following blanks with suitable words:
a) Most of the refraction of light rays entering the eye occurs at the outer surface of the ……
b) The part of eye sensitive to light is ……….
c) The part of eye which alters the size of the pupil is ………….
d) When light is dim, the pupil becomes ……………
e) The iris controls the amount of ……… entering the eye.
f) The ciliary muscles control the shape of the ………
g) To bring light from a distant object to a focus on the retina of the eye, the convex eye-lens needs to be made …….?
h) To bring light from a near object to a focus on the retina of the eye, the convex eye lens needs to be made …….

a) The outer surface of the eye is where the majority of light rays entering the eye are refracted is cornea, b) The light-sensitive portion of the eye is retina, c) The portion of the eye that...

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(a) Which metal is extracted from calamine ore? (b) Name one ore of mercury. Which mercury compound is present in this ore? Write its chemical formula. (c) How is copper extracted from its sulphide ore (copper glance), Cu2S? Explain with equations the reactions involved.

Solution: (a) Zinc (b) Cinnabar Mercury (II) sulphide, HgS (c) The concentrated copper (I) sulphide ore (copper glance), Cu2S is roasted in the air to oxidize copper (I) sulphide to copper (I)...

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(c) Explain how, mercury is extracted from its sulphide ore (cinnabar). Give equations of the reactions involved. (d) In the electrolytic refining of a metal M, what would you take as anode, cathode and electrolyte? (e) Name any five metals which are purified by the electrolytic refining method.

Solution: (c) Mercury (II) sulphide ore is roasted in the air to give mercury (II) oxide. 2HgO → 2Hg(l) + O2(g) (d) Anode – Thick block of impure metal M. Cathode – Thin strip of pure metal M....

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(c) Describe the extraction of zinc metal from its sulphide ore (zinc blende). Write equations of the reactions involved.(d) Explain why the galvanised iron article is protected against rusting even if the zinc layer is broken. (e) Name a common metal that is highly resistant to corrosion.

Solution: (c) When zinc sulphide (zinc blende ore) is roasted in the air, zinc oxide and sulphur dioxide are formed. Roasting is the term for this procedure. 2Zn(s) + 3O2(g) → 2ZnO(s) + 2SO2 Zinc...

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(c) How is aluminium metal extracted? Explain with the help of an equation. (d) Name the electrode at which aluminium metal is produced. (e) Which gas is produced during the extraction of aluminium? At which electrode is this gas produced?

Solution: (c) Aluminium metal is recovered from molten aluminium oxide by electrolytic reduction (electrolysis). When molten aluminium oxide is exposed to an electric current, it decomposes into...

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(a) Name two metals that are found in nature mainly in the free state (as metallic elements). (b) Name two metals that are always found in a combined state. (c) What iron compound is present in hematite ore? Also, write its chemical formula.

Solution: (a) Gold and platinum are mostly found in the free state in nature. (b) Sodium and Magnesium are almost always found together. (c) Iron (III) oxide; haematite ore contains...

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(a) Name the chemical compound which is electrolysed in a molten state to obtain aluminium metal. Which gas is evolved during this process? (b) Name the chemical compound which is electrolysed in the molten state to obtain sodium metal. Which gas is produced in this process?

Solution: (a) To get aluminium metal, aluminum oxide is electrolyzed in a molten condition. During the process, oxygen gas is produced. (b) To produce sodium metal, sodium chloride is electrolyzed...

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(a) How does the painting of an iron object prevent its rusting? (b) How does the electrical conductivity of copper alloys, brass and bronze, differ from that of pure copper? (c) What is meant by 22-carat gold? Name the metals which are usually alloyed with gold to make it harder.

Solution: (a) When the paint is put to a surface, it keeps the object from rusting by preventing air and moisture from coming into touch with it. (b) Copper alloys such as brass and bronze have...

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(a) Name an alloy of copper. State its chemical composition and any one use. (b) Explain why, when a copper object remains in damp air for a considerable time, a green coating is formed on its surface. What is this process known as?

Solution: (a) Brass: It is made up of 80 per cent copper (Cu) and 20 per cent zinc (Zn). It's used to make kitchen utensils. (b) Copper reacts slowly with carbon dioxide and water to form a basic...

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(a) Name two metals that resist corrosion due to the formation of a thin, hard and impervious layer of oxide on their surface. (b) Name five methods of preventing rusting of iron. (c) What are the constituents of stainless steel? What are the special properties of stainless steel?

Solution: (a) Aluminium and zinc are corrosion-resistant metals. (b) (i) Painting. (ii) Grease or oil application. (iii) Galvanization. (iv) Plating with tin and chromium. (v) Stainless steel is...

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What is meant by refining a metal? Name the most widely used method for the refining of impure metals obtained by various reduction processes. Describe this method with the help of a labelled diagram by taking the example of any metal.

Solution: Metal refining is the process of purifying impure metals. The most common technique for purifying impure metals acquired via various reduction processes is electrolytic refining. The...

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